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A pentagon is a polygon with five straight sides. Almost all problems you'll find in math class will cover regular pentagons, with five equal sides. There are two common ways to find the area, depending on how much information you have.
Assistant Professor of Mathematics This article was co-authored by Mario Banuelos, PhD. Mario Banuelos is an Assistant Professor of Mathematics at California State University, Fresno. With over eight years of teaching experience, Mario specializes in mathematical biology, optimization, statistical models for genome evolution, and data science. Mario holds a BA in Mathematics from California State University, Fresno, and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from the University of California, Merced. Mario has taught at both the high school and collegiate levels. This article has been viewed 761,331 times.
Co-authors: 26 Updated: September 6, 2022 Views: 761,331 Article Rating: 100% - 1 votes Categories: Calculating Volume and Area Article SummaryX It’s easiest to find the area of a regular pentagon if you know the length of a side and the apothem. The apothem is a line that intersects one of the sides from the center of the pentagon at a 90° angle. For example, let’s say you have a pentagon with a side length of 3 units and an apothem of 2 units. You can now divide the pentagon into 5 triangles, each with a base width of 3 (equal to the length of one side of the pentagon) and a height of 2 (equal to the apothem). To find the area of the pentagon, all you need to do is find the area of one of the triangles and multiply the result by 5. Use the formula ½ x base x height to find the area of each triangle. In this example, ½ x 3 x 2 = 3, so each triangle has an area of 3 square units. Multiply 3 x 5 to get 15 square units, or the area of the entire pentagon. You can also use the formula Area = Pa/2, where P is the perimeter of the pentagon and a is the apothem. In the example above, the perimeter would be 3 x 5 = 15, and the apothem is 2. (15 x 2)/2 = 30/2, which is equal to 15. If you only know the side length of the pentagon, you can still figure out the area, but you’ll need to do a bit of trigonometry. Start by dividing the pentagon into 5 equal triangles, starting from a point at the center of the pentagon. The base of each triangle will be equal to the length of a side of the pentagon. Now, divide one of the triangles in half by drawing a vertical line from the vertex to the middle of the base to create two right triangles. You know that the base of the smaller triangle is ½ of the side length of the pentagon. So, if you have a pentagon with a side length of 7 units, the base of the smaller right triangle is 3.5 units. When you’re working with a regular pentagon, the angle at the top of this triangle will always be 36°. To find the height of the triangle, use the formula tan36° = b (base)/h (height) and solve for h. In our example, tan36° = 3.5/h. Multiply tan36° by h, then divide 3.5 by tan36° to find the height, which is approximately 4.8 units. Now you can plug the height into the formula for the area of a triangle, 1/2 x b x h, to find the area of the triangle. Plug in the base of the larger triangle for the b variable and the height you just found for the h variable to get ½ x 7 x 4.8 = 16.8 square units. Then, multiply the area of the larger triangle by 5 to get the full area of the pentagon, or 84 square units. Alternatively, you can plug the base width of the smaller triangle into the formula for the area of a triangle, then multiply the result by 10. Either way, you’ll get the same answer. You can also calculate the area from only the side length using the formula 5s2/4tan36°, where s is the length of one side of the pentagon. If you don’t have a calculator with a tangent function, don’t worry. Tan36° = √(5-2√5), so you can plug that into your calculations in place of tan36°. You can also figure out the area of a pentagon using only the radius, or r, which is the distance from the center of the pentagon to one of the corners, or vertices. To do this, use the formula 5/2 x r^2 x sin72°. For more on finding the area of a regular pentagon, including using formulas if you only know the length of a side or the radius, read on!
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