Rierdan J, Koff E. Weight, weight-related aspects of body image, and depression in early adolescent girls. Adolescence. 1997;32(127):615.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Mills JS, Polivy J, Herman CP, Tiggemann M. Effects of exposure to thin media images: evidence of self-enhancement among restrained eaters. Personal Soc Psychol Bull. 2002;28(12):1687–99.
Article Google Scholar
D'Alessandro S, Chitty B. Real or relevant beauty? Body shape and endorser effects on brand attitude and body image. Psychol Mark. 2011;28(8):843–78.
Article Google Scholar
Rucker CE, Cash TF. Body images, body-size perceptions, and eating behaviors among African-American and white college women. Int J Eat Disord. 1992;12(3):291–9.
Article Google Scholar
Chen W, Swalm RL. Chinese and American college students’ body-image: perceived body shape and body affect. Percept Mot Skills. 1998;87(2):395–403.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Fitzgibbon ML, Blackman LR, Avellone ME. The relationship between body image discrepancy and body mass index across ethnic groups. Obes Res. 2000;8(8):582–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Tovée MJ, Benson PJ, Emery JL, Mason SM, Cohen-Tovée EM. Measurement of body size and shape perception in eating-disordered and control observers using body-shape software. Br J Psychol. 2003;94(4):501–16.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Botta RA. Television images and adolescent girls’ body image disturbance. J Commun. 1999;49(2):22–41.
Article Google Scholar
Botta RA. The mirror of television: a comparison of black and white adolescents’ body image. J Commun. 2000;50(3):144–59.
Article Google Scholar
Rudd NA, Lennon SJ. Body image: linking aesthetics and social psychology of appearance. Cloth Text Res J. 2001;19(3):120–33.
Article Google Scholar
Jarry JL, Kossert AL. Self-esteem threat combined with exposure to thin media images leads to body image compensatory self-enhancement. Body Image. 2007;4(1):39–50.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Greenberg BS, Eastin M, Hofschire L, Lachlan K, Brownell KD. Portrayals of overweight and obese individuals on commercial television. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(8):1342–8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fouts G, Burggraf K. Television situation comedies: female body images and verbal reinforcements. Sex Roles. 1999;40:473–81.
Article Google Scholar
Tiggemann M. Television and adolescent body image: the role of program content and viewing motivation. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2005;24(3):361–81.
Article Google Scholar
Williamson DA, Gleaves DH, Watkins PC, Schlundt DG. Validation of self-ideal body size discrepancy as a measure of body dissatisfaction. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 1993;15(1):57–68.
Article Google Scholar
Hargreaves D, Tiggemann M. Longer-term implications of responsiveness to ‘thin-ideal’television: support for a cumulative hypothesis of body image disturbance? Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2003;11(6):465–77.
Article Google Scholar
Yates A, Edman J, Aruguete M. Ethnic differences in BMI and body/self-dissatisfaction among whites, Asian subgroups, Pacific islanders, and African-Americans. J Adolesc Health. 2004;34(4):300–7.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Brown A, Dittmar H. Think “thin” and feel bad: the role of appearance schema activation, attention level, and thin-ideal internalization for young women's responses to ultra-thin media ideals. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2005;24(8):1088–113.
Article Google Scholar
Lennon SJ, Rudd NA, Sloan B, Kim JS. Attitudes toward gender roles, self-esteem, and body image: application of a model. Cloth Text Res J. 1999;17(4):191–202.
Article Google Scholar
Keppel CC, Crowe SF. Changes to body image and self-esteem following stroke in young adults. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2000;10(1):15–31.
Article Google Scholar
Friedman KE, Reichmann SK, Costanzo PR, Musante GJ. Body image partially mediates the relationship between obesity and psychological distress. Obes Res. 2002;10(1):33–41.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Johnson F, Wardle J. Dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and psychological distress: a prospective analysis. J Abnorm Psychol. 2005;114(1):119–25.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Secord PF, Jourard SM. The appraisal of body-cathexis: body-cathexis and the self. J Consult Psychol. 1953;17(5):343–7.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Sanchez-Villegas A, Madrigal H, Martínez-González MA, Kearney J, Gibney MJ, De Irala J, et al. Perception of body image as indicator of weight status in the European Union. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2001;14(2):93–102.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Li YM, Fu CC. Weight, weight perception and psychiatric distress in freshmen at a national university in Hualien County. Ci Ji Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005;17:169–75.
Google Scholar
Page RM, Lee CM, Miao NF. Self-perception of body weight among high school students in Taipei, Taiwan. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2005;17:123–36.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Kim SW. Body weight and body image: a risk factor analysis in Korea. Asian J Public Opin Res. 2011;12(3):143–72.
Google Scholar
Ohara K, Kato Y, Mase T, Kouda K, Miyawaki C, Fujita Y, et al. Eating behavior and perception of body shape in Japanese university students. Eat Weight Disord. 2014;19(4):461–8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Inoue M, Toyokawa S, Inoue K, Suyama Y, Miyano Y, Suzuki T, et al. Lifestyle, weight perception and change in body mass index of Japanese workers: MY health up study. Public Health. 2010;124:530–7.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Noh JW, Kim J, Yang Y, Park J, Cheon J, Kwon YD. Body mass index and self-rated health in east Asian countries: comparison among South Korea, China, Japan, and Taiwan. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0183881.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Wardle J, Bindra R, Fairclough B, Westcombe A. Culture and body image: body perception and weight concern in young Asian and Caucasian British women. J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 1993;3(3):173–81.
Article Google Scholar
Altabe M. Ethnicity and body image: quantitative and qualitative analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 1998;23(2):153–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Bush HM, Williams RG, Lean ME, Anderson AS. Body image and weight consciousness among south Asian, Italian and general population women in Britain. Appetite. 2001;37(3):207–15.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Dinsa GD, Goryakin Y, Fumagalli E, Suhrcke M. Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2012;13(11):1067–79.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Wardle J, Haase AM, Steptoe A. Body image and weight control in young adults: international comparisons in university students from 22 countries. Int J Obes. 2006;30(4):644–51.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Joh HK, Oh J, Lee HJ, Kawachi I. Gender and socioeconomic status in relation to weight perception and weight control behavior in Korean adults. Obes Facts. 2013;6(1):17–27.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lim YS, Park NR, Jeon SB, Jeong SY, Tserendejid Z, Park HR. Analysis of weight control behaviors by body image perception among Korean women in different age groups: using the 2010 Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey data. Korean J Community Nutr. 2015;20(2):141–50.
Article Google Scholar
Chen LJ, Fox KR, Haase AM, Ku PW. Correlates of body dissatisfaction among Taiwanese adolescents. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(2):172–9.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Shih MY, Kubo C. Body shape preference and body satisfaction in Taiwanese college students. Psychiatry Res. 2002;111:215–28.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Chang FC, Lee CM, Chen PH, Chiu CH, Pan YC, Huang TF. Association of thin-ideal media exposure, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors among adolescents in Taiwan. Eating Behav. 2013;14(3):382–5.
Article Google Scholar
Scitovsky T. Economic development in Taiwan and South korea, 1965–1981. San Francisco: ICS Press; 1985.
Google Scholar
Jung J, Forbes GB. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among college women in China, South Korea, and the United States: contrasting predictions from sociocultural and feminist theories. Psychol Women Q. 2007;31(4):381–93.
Article Google Scholar
International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. ISAPS International Survey on Aesthetic/Cosmetic Procedures Performed in 2015: International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery; 2016. Available from: https://www.isaps.org/medical-professionals/isaps-global-statistics/
Korean Statistical Information Service. 2017. Statistical Database. Available from: http://kosis.kr/
National Statistics Republic of China, 2016. Latest Indicators. Available from http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9
Google Scholar
Kang YH, Kim KH. Body weight control behavior and obesity stress of college women. Jour of KoCona. 2015;15:292–300.
Google Scholar
Jeong SJ, Sato M, Chu MS. The effects of perception of body shape, self-esteem, body cathexis, and body image on fashion leadership by Korean and Japanese female college students. Fashion & Text Res. 2013;15:713–21.
Article Google Scholar
Choi Y, Choi E, Shin D, Park SM, Lee K. The association between body weight misperception and psychosocial factors in Korean adult women less than 65 years old with normal weight. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(11):1558–66.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Inoue M, Toyokawa S, Miyoshi Y, Miyano Y, Suzuki T, Suyama Y, et al. Degree of agreement between weight perception and body mass index of Japanese workers: MY health up study. J Occup Health. 2007;49(5):376–81.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Un PS. “Beauty will save you”: the myth and ritual of dieting in Korean society. Korea J. 2007;47(2):41–70.
Google Scholar
Ro Y, Hyun W. Comparative study on body shape satisfaction and body weight control between Korean and Chinese female high school students. Nutr Res Pract. 2012;6(4):334–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sakamaki R, Amamoto R, Mochida Y, Shinfuku N, Toyama KA. Comparative study of food habits and body shape perception of university students in Japan and Korea. Nutr J. 2005;4:31.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Woo J. A survey of overweight, body shape perception and eating attitude of Korean female university students. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2014;18(3):287–92.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kim BS, Chang SM, Seong SJ, Park JE, Park S, Hong JP, et al. Association of Overweight with the prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders and suicidality: general population-based study in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31(11):1814–21.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yang CF, Gray P, Pope HG Jr. Male body image in Taiwan versus the west: Yanggang Zhiqi meets the Adonis complex. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(2):263–9.
