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$10,500,000, purchase cost and all. Nearly 1,000,000 tons now State of New York, reaffirm to the Congress and people of the United pay tolls annually to the existing canal monopoly. Ten times States the importance and wisdom of assured progress toward com pletion of the series of connecting waterways advocated by this assothat tonnage would use the canal if it were improved and made ciation, approved by the Engineer Corps of the United States Army, free. Even the Panama Cana: does not offer a better immediate and already adopted in part by Congress. prospect than this. The canal will save an outside sailing dis- pecting waterways will establish a standard-gauge trunk line, utilizing the existing bays and sounds along the Atlantic seaboard, and providtance around the peninsula of approximately 325 miles. It is ing through communication between New England and Florida. It too big a project, too worthy a project, too needful a project to will connect also the great seaports of the Atlantic seaboard, its inbe longer delayed. The Government needs this waterway for dustrial centers, and its areas of natural production. It will join the navigable rivers of the Atlantic slope, now unrelated units of traffic, strategic purposes as much as commerce needs it for shipping. into a comprehensive interconnected commercial system. It will, fur: * thermore, by utilizing the Hudson River and the New York State barge canal system, join the traffic of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence " XATIGABILITY OF SUSQUEHANNA. Valley to the entire coastal region. “Your president took up in Congress and with the War De- The traffic to be developed on this great waterway system is of a partment the question of the navigability of the Susquehanna type required by changing conditions of commerce. Increasing cost of construction, operation, and maintenance are seriously crippling the River, which in 1904 with all its tributaries had been declared coastwise sailing fleet. The diversion of its tonnage to established nonnavigable above the Maryland line, and is privileged to re- steamship lines tends to concentrate traffic at the larger ports and to port the revocation of the executive order which brought about diminish the activities of intermediate sections less favorably situated for ocean trade. Such separation of the seaboard districts into areas that odd condition. The construction of bridges and dams across alternately progressive and retrograde is a bad economic policy. The navigable streams has played no little part in the general prob- prosperity of the entire region depends upon the continuous productive lem of waterways, and in New England in particular bridges important to the entire Nation, because of the preponderance of popuand dams have obtained decided advantage over navigation and lation and industry there existing, dependent for its subsistence in large to some extent have impeded progress in that direction. The part on the great interior. The interests of the seaboard are closely interwoven with those of the inland States. danger of this sort of thing on the Susquehanna and its tribu The cheapest method of transportation is by water, and the cheapest taries was apparent; not that overland transportation should form of water transportation is by unrigged craft or barge. Governnecessarily be impeded, but that waterway transportation should ment statistics show that as the coastwise fleet declines the barge also not necessarily be destroyed. fleet grows, and it is evident that the barge can reach and serve great areas which can not be served by other forms of water conveyance. “The Susquehanna River courses through New York, Pennsyl. The intelligent expansion of barge traffic on comprehensive lines is vania, and Maryland and empties into Chesapeake Bay. It is an important factor in reducing the costs of all commodities, in lower ing the cost of living, and in increasing the efficiency of the United a great feeder of the intracoastal waterway. To close it up States for domestic and foreign commerce. for 400 miles and take it out of the jurisdiction of the United These principles repeatedly stated by the Atlantic Deeper Waterways Army Engineers involved a serious question. Therefore Association have been fully indorsed by the Army Engineers and recogthe action of the War Department in declaring the stream navi-nized in Congress by the partial adoption of measures calculated to gable, in accordance with the opinion of the Judge Advocate commercial and industrial interests of the entire Nation to support General in line of the questions raised by this association, re- them and to press steadfastly toward their realization: It is therefore Resolved, That we urge upon Congress the advisability and imlieves an embarrassing situation and contributes to the mainte portance of steady progress at a reasonable rate of speed on all the nance of hitherto conceded rights of navigation. links of the intracoastal-waterway chain as recommended by the Army “ CAPE COD CANAL COMPLETED. Engineers, and more specifically as follows: Resolied, That we favor the immediate acquisition of the Chesa"I do not wish to close this address without a word of con- peake & Delaware Canal upon such terms as may be agreed upon, or, gratulation to Mr. August Belmont, of New York, and his asso in default of agreement, by condemnation proceedings; “Resolved, That we urge upon Congress the prompt improvement of ciates, who have succeeded in completing the Cape Cod Canal, this waterway into a sea-level canal of the dimensions recommended by in which work the association has had a friendly interest. For the engineers; more than 200 years the opening of a canal through Cape Cod Resolved, That we favor the adoption by Congress of the New Jer sey Canal project, as recommended by the Army Engineers, for a modto aid shipping and save life imperiled in rounding the cape ern waterway between Raritan Bay and the Delaware River ; the conhad been agitated in State and Nation. Nothing but surveys Nothing but surveys clusion of an arrangement with the State of New Jersey for presentaever resulted. Neither the State nor the Government cared to tion of the right of way, and for early inception of the work ; “Resolved, That we favor the steady progress of work on the waterundertake the work, although in 25 years prior to 1910 the way from Norfolk to Beaufort until its completion in accordance with wrecks upon Cape Cod had mounted up to 1,000. Mr. Belmont Mr. Belmont the plans of the engineers already accepted and realized to the extent may have had the business side of the undertaking in mind, but of the purchase of the Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal ; Resolved, That we favor the construction of the necessary links I am persuaded the terrific loss of life and property in fog and to provide a continuous waterway between Beaufort, N. C., and the storm outside the cape had something to do with his final deter- Cape Fear River, N. C., and thence to the St. Johns River, in Florida, mination to embark in the enterprise. The 8-mile cut was made, ernment, upon such terms as the Army Engineers may recommend, of and in July last the canal was sufficiently advanced to open for the Florida East Coast Canal and the subsequent improvement of the business at a depth of 15 feet. It is a great piece of work, same; creditable alike to the founder and the engineers. If there be "Resolved, That the improvement of the navigable rivers and water ways within the Atlantic seaboard district and connecting with the critics of the canal among the economists, the engineers, or the intracoastal waterway upon standard dimensions of the capacity deterdeep-sea sailors, it should be remembered that the task was enor- mined by the engineers is of much more than local importance and should be considered in relation to the general intracoastal waterway mous, and that the difficulties in connection with it have been plan; overcome. What the Government failed to do Mr. Belmont and "Kesolved, That as an essential part of the intracoastal system, we his associates did. They stepped in where the Government bi Lake Champlain as may be needed for the handling of modern traffic; neglected or 'feared to tread, and the glory of the achievement “Resolved, That we reaffirm the opinion of this association as inis theirs. cluded in the resolutions adopted at our New London convention, in 1912: * " • That we demand the adoption of a national policy of waterway improvement which shall gauge the amount of the appropriation acWORK MUST CONTINUE. cording to the commerce, existing and prospective, that will be served “ The work of the association, of course, is not yet finished. by such improvement; Until the filibuster in the Senate threatened the success of the * * That the Atlantic intracoastal waterway, exceeding, as it does, river and harbor bill it was believed the long and earnest seven ment, deserves and should receive the means for its completion in a years' fight for the vital link in the Atlantic intracoastal water- ratio at least equal to that accorded to projects in other sections of the United States.' way had been won. But the opposing allies have obtained a technical advantage, and again the friends of the project may DEPLORE OPPOSITION TO THIE BILL. have to gird on their armor and drum up recruits. Senators We deplore the opposition to the improvement of our harbors and and Representatives must be pursued with every honest and waterways manifested in the Congress of the United States during the present session. The spirit exhibited was peculiarly unfortunate and reasonable endeavor until in this respect the public welfare is in timed. The attack was limited to a few Members and Senators, effectively served. The project is big, but it is meritorious; it and could not have succeeded even in part except for the indifference of There may cost something, but it is urgently needed; and the agitation others and the support of some newspapers and periodicals. were some distinguished legislators from whom their constituents for it should continue until victory perches upon our banners. rightly expected support of this important appropriation bill whose Men in public life may tire of the repetition of well-worn facts, indifference has occasioned disappointment. Charging generally that but, after all, the voices of individual citizens are potential in the pending bill was a pork barrel," and under the guise of economy public affairs. When those voices are united they will be heard. of all interior waterways and against the development of transportaThey are the more likely to be heard when they speak the truth, tion by water. It is not for us to impugn the motives of any Member and the strength of the Atlantic intracoastal project rests upon our province" to call to the attention Page 3
An annual budget followed by annual appropriations is equally as extent of $100,000,000 annually in order that no part of the essential for the consistent and economical improvement and maintenance of our harbors and waterways as for any of the other activities money of the Government loaned to the banks at 2 per cent and functions of the General Government. might be withdrawn or disturbed. It would hardly seem, in Resolved, That this association requests the Congress to make pro- view of what the President stated, that since his message more vision at this session for the continued improvement of all meritorious projects heretofore adopted and for such additional projects as require money would be taken from the Treasury and deposited in the immediate consideration in the interest of our expanding commerce. banks, but if the statement published in the New York Herald TERMINALS AND RATES. of yesterday morning is true that is what has happened. This is what the Herald published: We realize that the deepening of harbors and providing channels for our interior waterways does not of necessity result in the development PLACES CROP-MOVING FUNDS TREASURY DEPARTMENT DEPOSITS $13,029,746, of commerce. Water carriers must be provided. These carriers must OF WHICH $1,000,000 IS SENT HERE. be provided with other facilities. At every considerable transfer point William G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, announced to-day terminals must be provided. These terminals should have ample water that $13,029,746 of Government funds had been deposited with the front and be provided with capacious warehouses. They should be national banks of various states for crop-moving purposes. The original equipped with modern appliances for transferring freight cheaply and allotment for this purpose was about $34,000,000, to be deposited at expeditiously, and should be physically connected by belt lines with intervals, as needed. all the railroads serving the community. These water terminals and At first Mr. McAdoo thought no funds would be needed in New York belt lines should preferably be owned by the municipality or the State State. Several banks in New York City, however, applied for funds, and operated in the interest of the public, which they are designed to and $1,000,000 has been sent to them. serve. There must be put into effect a system of prorating in traffic rates between the water carriers and the railroads such as exists be The statement continues by giving a list of the deposits and tween connecting lines of railways. the States that have been favored by the Secretary of the TreasResolved, That we urge upon the Interstate Commerce Commission the enforcement of existing law for prorating between water-carriers ury, as follows: and railways in interstate traffic and that gradually appropriations Alabama. $300,000 for waterways be conditioned upon local cooperation in providing ter Arkansas 175, 000 minals. The States should discharge a similar function in intrastate Florida.. 81, 250 traffic. Georgia 368, 750 Resolved, That water carriers and railways should be coordinated Kentucky 1, 375, 000 as carriers of traffic. Mississippi-- 150. 000 Louisiana. 700, 000 NEW YORK BARGE CANAL. Maryland 1, 450, 000 Resolved, That we earnestly deplore the inaction of Congress by North Carolina 456, 250 which the great canal system of New York State, now nearing comple- Tennessee South Carolina. 525, 000 tion, is being deprived of access to deep water on the upper Hudson 675, 000 River. By the intervention of the Government the State was prevented Virginia Texas 793, 750 from constructing the necessary dam and lock at the head of river 798, 750 navigation at Troy, Congress having made that dam and the river Missouri. 1,550.000 itself a Federal project of improvement as far as Waterford, where the Oklahoma 93, 500 Barge Canal enters the river. Work is discontinued on the Troy Dam Total indefinitely, and even if resumed will probably be unfinished when the 9, 492, 250 State work is completed. A State investment of nearly $140,000,000 New York is thereby held unproductive until Congress provides for the completion 1, 000, 000 of the $5,200,000 Federal project. The annual loss in interest to New Colorado 499, 969 York State is greater than the total cost of the Government's under Illinois 1, 200, 000 Indiana taking. This is one of many important projects which are jeopardized 150, 000 by hesitation and parsimony in waterway improvement. Iowa- 250, 000 Kansas. 25, 000 WATERWAYS OF NEW YORK CITY AND VICINITY. Nebraska 325, 000 Resolved, That we testify to the urgency of prompt action by Con Washington. 87,500 gress in providing for the improvement of the East River, the Harlem River, and the Bronx Kills, as recommended by the Army engineers. Total -- 3,537, 469 Municipal improvements of vast importance are being blocked until the Government undertakes this work. This work, essential to the com It is quite evident that the administration, as usual, is caremerce of New York and to the development of New York City, is one of ful in protecting the interests of the South, as the totals given the many projects eliminated from the river and harbor bill by the in the statement show that nearly three times as much money sweeping amendment in the Senate which cut out all new projects from the pending bill. We unhesitatingly assert that the policy of excluding has been deposited in the banks located in the Southern States, new projects from the river and hårbor bill because they are new, and including Missouri, as in the banks located in the North and the retaining of old projects because they have already been approved, West. is a bad policy, because it settles nothing as to the relative merits of the different projects and sets a bad precedent for future legislation. If it is true, as stated by the President, that there was $75,000,000 on deposit in the banks throughout the country CANADIAN CONNECTION. at the date of his message, and to avoid drawing it out it Resolved, That in the opinion of this association the United States is necessary to levy a direct tax, one would suppose that Government through appropriate legislation should enter into negotiations with the Dominion of Canada by which the two Governments will the condition of the Treasury must have materially improved, cooperate upon equitable terms in the construction of a canal or water and that the revenue receipts have increased; otherwise the way connecting Lake Champlain with the St. Lawrence River, the Secretary would not now be adding to the deposits in the termini and route to be located as best to subserve the interest of banks, as this newspaper statement would seem to indicate. commerce. The fact is the revenues have not increased, as shown by the statement of the Treasury at the close of business on September On the Depositing of Additional Money in the Banks for 29. The statement does show, though, that there has been no Crop-Moving Purposes. letting up in the expenditures of the Government, as the dis bursements since July 1 are $11,418,583.22 greater than for the EXTENSION OF REMARKS same period last year. This means that so far in the present OF fiscal year it has cost $125,478 more each day to run the Govern ment than it did last year. HON. CHARLES H. BURKE, I have no doubt that the banks of the South are very glad to OF SOUTH DAKOTA, be able to borrow money from the Government at 2 per cent, to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, be loaned out at the high rates of interest that now prevail in that section of the country; but I am sure the people of the Thursday, October 1, 1914. whole country will resent being taxed $105,000,000 annually in Mr. BURKE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, on the 4th of order to further favor the banks in the South or elsewhere. If last month the President addressed the Congress, assembled in the money already on deposit in the banks can not be withjoint session in this Chamber, and said: drawn, it would seem as if more money ought not to be deI come to ask very earnestly that additional revenue be provided for posited, when it may be needed to meet the expenses of the the Government. Government. He further said: The distinguished gentleman from Texas [Mr. HENRY], a leader The Treasury itself could get along for a considerable period, no on the majority side of the House, chairman of the important doubt, without immediate resort to new sources of taxation, but at Committee on Rules, the recognized friend of the President, and what cost to the business of the community? Approximately $75,000,000, a large part of the present Treasury balance, is now on I assume authorized to speak for him, told us yesterday, in a deposit with national banks distributed throughout the country. It formal message read by the Clerk, in effect, that Congress will is deposited, of course, on call. I need not point out to you what the be kept in session until a number of bills are passed which will would be if the diminishing income of the Treasury should make it take large sums from the Treasury---one to authorize the exnecessary rapidly to withdraw these deposits. penditure of $30,000,000 to buy foreign ships. Among other bills The proposition of the President, in substance, amounted to that he would have passed is one that he introduced on Sepa demand that legislation be immediately enacted to provide tember 22, only 18 days after the President's revenue message for levying a direct tax upon the people of the country to the was delivered. This bill is H. R. 18916, and is entitled “For Page 4
If two bodies of water, one somewhat higher than the other, aglimmering under a free-trade system which decreases our be connected, the higher level will drop down until a common sales the while increasing our purchases from foreign countries. level is attained. Such has been and always must be the effect At this rate our trade balances will soon disappear altogether. of opening a free channel between the products of the American When the farmers raise a "bumper crop ” it often results in farm and the products of the world's farms. The price to the lowering the price to a point that leaves no profit; and no law American farmer of his product must be reduced until a com- can wholly prevent this. But when the farmers' crops are short mon level is reached. and an increased price is necessary to save them from loss, By this depression of the price he receives for the products protection assures them against the flooding of this country with he sells the American farmer is directly affected and his pros- foreign grain at less than the foreign price plus the amount of perity seriously reduced. Had normal conditions continued, the protection provided by our tariff law. American farmer would have paid hundreds of millions of dol- Democratic free trade compels our farmers to sell in compelars each year for the blessed privilege of having a tariff law tition with the cheapest grain in the world, whether our crops The war in Europe, unprecedented in are large or small; and this catches our farmers both “ coming its magnitude, and turning the great nations of the world from and going,” and means ruin to our farmers when their crops producers into consumers, will of course stop farm products from are short. coming to America and greatly advance the price the American The Democrats claim that a protective tariff upon agriculfarmer will for a time receive for the things he sells. But when tural products does not benefit the farmer. This claim is in that war is over, then normal conditions will prevail, and what accord with their theory of free trade in agricultural products. will happen we know from our experience under this law prior to The Republicans are not interested in theories unless they work the opening of the war, as, for example, in Nebraska, where just out in practice. The Democrats put their theory into practice before the European war was declared the farmers sold their in the enactment of the Underwood tariff bill; and its effect is new crop of wheat at about 60 cents per bushel. best illustrated by corn, which was placed on the free list. We And then it does seem strange that the northern farmer is do not need to theorize as to the effect of free corn, for we have not as much in need of and entitled to protection as the south- the testimony and experience of experts upon that point. ern farmer. At all events, the Democrats, who control the Last May the Committee on Agriculture of the House held Government, do not think so. Some inquiring mind may find a hearings on a bill providing for the standardization of grain, connection between this and the fact that Democrats from and at that hearing grain experts from all over the United southern States at present absolutely control the Government. States appeared. Among them was Mr. George W. Eddy, of the Not strange, perhaps, they should look out for their own farm- Chamber of Commerce of Boston, Mass., who, by reason of his ers. So while southern Democrats glibly placed northern- location on the seaboard and being an exporter and importer of grown wheat practically on the free list, they put southern- grain, is peculiarly qualified to testify as to the effect on the grown rice on the protected list, to the extent of about 60 cents price of importations of Argentine corn. Examined by Conper bushel when clean or hulled; while they put northern- gressman HELGESEN, of North Dakota, Mr. Eddy testified: grown corn on the free list, they put southern-grown tobacco Mr. HELGESEN. To what extent do you think the small amount of on the protected list; while they put northern-grown wool on corn we export fixes the price of corn that is consumed in this country? the free list, they put southern-grown wool from the Angora Mr. Eddy. When we have a surplus of corn for export in this coun try it comes pretty near making the price of the crop while we have goat on the protected list; and while they put northern-grown that surplus, in my opinion. meats on the free list, they put southern-grown peanuts on the Mr. HELGESEN. Then, reversing it, do you think if we import corn protected list. that the imported corn, even in small quantities, tends to establish the price also ? Cotton bagging and cotton ties for the South are on the free Mr. EDDY. It does; and I think corn would have sold from 10 cents list, while wool sacks and wheat sacks for the North are taxed. Mr. UNDERWOOD in his campaign for United States Senator said portations per bushel higher this year if it had not been for hou.cents The CHAIRMAN. How much did we import this year? that free cotton bagging and cotton ties had saved $5,000,000 Mr. EDDY. That is hard to say how much has been engaged, but I to the farmers of the South, which means that the farmers of should say that in the neighborhood of 12,000,000 bushels have been the South have an advantage over the farmers of the North to engaged to come in from Argentina. the extent of $5,000,000 per year, and that the revenues of the Mr. Paddock was another grain dealer who thoroughly underGovernment were thereby decreased $5,000,000, and that the stands the effect of exports and imports of grain upon our special revenue bill now before Congress had to be increased home market and who testified as follows: $5,000,000 to make up this loss. Mr. HELGESEN. How much cheaper can you buy corn from a foreign Uncle Sam is now hard up. He can not pay his bills. Demo- country, anywhere along the seaboard, under free trade than you can cratic extravagance has run riot. This Democratic tariff has under a duty, of 15 cents a bushel ? How much cheaper can you land it in this country? failed as a revenue producer every month since it was enacted. Mr. PADDOCK. Well, I should think the difference between the duty; Democrats are now further taxing the American people to pay 15 cents a bushel.. for their extravagance and economic failure. So it is interest- Mr. HELGESEN. If we have an ordinary average crop we would not ing to note that the placing of farmers' products on the free need to ship in any, corn from abroad. If you were on the seaboard, list has deprived Uncle Sam of a lot of money. The loss in coast, would you pay more for American corn, even though we had revenue on these products alone has been more than $40,000,000. plenty of it in this country, than you can import' it for from Argentina? Mr. PADDOCK. No, sir; I do not think so. There are two countries from which we receive cattle and Mr. HELGESEN. Well, even though we have an average crop, enough meats—Mexico and Argentina. When the Democrats placed corn, even though we do not import any to amount to anything, nevercattle and meats on the free list Mexico promptly placed an ex- theless the fact that wa can buy corn at a certain price from abroad Our loss was will establish the price of our own corn, will it not? port duty on these items and pocketed the money. Mr. PADDOCK. Yes, sir. We are feeling very seriously at this time her gain. Now the people are being specially taxed to make the importation of Argentine corn as a competitor of native corn, which this up. is already largely through New England, New York, and central PennAccording to a Government investigation, meat and cattle sylvania, Mr. HAWLEY. In what way have you felt it? from Argentina are brought in almost exclusively by the great Mr. PADDOCK. We have felt it in the matter of price. Placed at the Chicago meat packers. The sum of $2,856,859.21 is already lost seaport the Argentine corn at New Orleans and Montreal points was to Uncle Sam on these items thus brought in from Argentina brought in at a rate ranging down to 13 points lower, at 41 cents a bushel less than corn can be shipped from the interior. under the Democratic bill. But we are cheered by the thought Mr. HAWLEY. Have you lost any markets by reason of it? that this sum went into the pockets of the meat packers; and, Mr. PADDOCK. Yes, sir. We have not sold a car of corn in Boston in while we must now tax ourselves to make it up, we are con three weeks, where we usually sell 10 to 20 cars a day. We have not sold a car of corn in Buffalo in six weeks, where we usually sell 10 to soled by the thought that we have contributed a splendid sum 20 cars a day. to a needy and hungry trust. Mr. HAUGEN. What is the reason for that? Mr. PADDOCK. The reason for that is the Argentine corn comes in so Trade figures published at Ottawa, Ontario, on July 26 by low. the department of trade and commerce for the past 12 months Mr. HAUGEN. Does your company think the price of our corn has show a decrease of imports from the United States into Canada been affected by the importation of corn from Argentina ? Mr. PADDOCK. Undoubtedly. of $40,000,000 from the figures for the corresponding period Mr. HAUGEN. To what extent? of 1913. Mr. PADDOCK. We had a 2,000,000,000-bushel crop last year, and if On the other hand there is an increase of exports to the it had not been for the importation of Argentine corn I think the farm ers would have realized 10 cents per bushel above the present price of United States of $32,000,000. corn on account of its coming. Yes; that is the way it works. The Underwood free-trade Mr. HAUGEN. You mean the importation of Argentine corn? Mr. PADDOCK. Yes, sir. * * tariff benefits every people on earth excepting the American I will tell you, gentlemen, in my judgment in the past four people. Here is a shift to the wrong side of the ledger of years our total exports have been less than 11 per cent of our $72,000,000 in one year's business with Canada. Thus does our corn crop, and I believe the exportable surplus of 13 per cent has had much to do with regulating the price at which corn was sold in the favorable trade balance, always good under protection, go | United States. The importation of 15 per cent of Argentine corn this Page 5
last year and the prospective importation of 10 per cent more has fixed ity expressed exceedingly their regrets of the new order of things supply the demand and will absolutely result in its exportable surplus wrought by this man at the White House, Woodrow Wilson, of acceptable imports fixing the price. * . National And the probable importation of 10 per cent more. That is the Manufacturers' Association and those of kindred associations menace, Mr. HAWLEY. The importation of 13 per cent, with the possible in are no longer filling the halls and controlling legislation. crease to 10 per cent, a little more than 1 per cent of our crop, has The Speaker, with more despotic power than the Czar of Russia, diminished the price to the farmer about 13 per cent? frowning down upon committees of his own making, no longer Mr. PADDOCK, About 10 cents, I said. The CHAIRMAN. Is it not a fact the price of corn to-day is anywhere holds forth, but in his stead presides Speaker CLARK, with no from 12 to 15 cents a bushel higher than last year at this time? motive but to be fair, and with committees not of his own The CITAIRMAN. You think the increase in price is due to the failure choosing but selected by the membership of this House. We are not surprised that this abrupt change jars the sensitive Mr. PADDOCK. The failure in our country; and then the coming in nerves of these stand-pat Republicans, thus in a material degree of the Argentine corn. The price at Chicago a few days ago was 70 deposed. We have due sympathy, but they may as well know cents, and now that the crop of Argentine corn has begun to arrive in western points, into the interior and as far back as Syracuse, N. Y., the old order of which the Republicans still dream has departed and Troy--I have had letters from a great many customers along the forever. But think of the nerve of these old stand-pat Republine of the New York Central Road, stating they were buying at less licans, standing on this floor and crying out against " gag rule," money, so that it is now in actual competition. as they term it, when four hours are allotted for this discusMr. Moss. Now, upon that basis, I ask you, had we had a normal crop, would the price have been so high as now? sion, and in spite of the minority's admission that they had no Mr. PADDOCK. I do not think so. desire to offer a single amendment. And all this in the face of Mr. Moss. Very well. Mr. SLOAN. Then the producers of corn this year did not get the the facts that these same Republicans have been worshipers of benefit in price on what they sold that they would have gotten if the Cannonism and similar methods for lo these many years, and Argentine corn had not been shipped in in competition? are now looking with tear-stained eyes for “Uncle Joe's" return. Mr. PADDOCK. I think not, sir. Mr. Sloan. In other words, when the farmers suffer a shortage of It is indeed to be regretted that the remnant of what was crop the competition from abroad comes in and robs you of the price once, to say the least, a majority party with some kind of theories they otherwise would have obtained? of government has deg-nerated into a band of calamity howlers Mr. PADDOCK. That is my judgment. * * * Mr. SLOAN. In your opinion, would 15,000,000 bushels of Argentine without a suggestion of change of the bill under consideration. corn have come in if the 15 cents had not been taken off of the import But, Mr. Speaker, we readily agree that there is perhaps no duty ? other question upon which the American people differ so widely Mr. PADDOCK. I can say very clearly, in my judgment, it would not. as upon the subject of collecting revenues. The underlying Mr. Eddy and Mr. Paddock were not indulging in the pastime difficulty is that everybody is trying to escape payment. But of advancing chimerical theories at the expense of the American in addition to this feature, the special-privileged class desire farmer. They were not trying to extract sunbeams from snow- the great mass of consumers taxed, not alone for revenue, but balls. They were giving opinions based upon actual experience. for their benefit as well, under the guise of protecting American They were telling facts. These facts are that the price of corn industries, American labor, if you please, while at the same to the American farmer was reduced by the Underwood bill at time they bring to our shores a million laborers a year to take least 10 cents per bushel, and by reason of the importations from the places of our American laborers. Oh, how solicitous these Argentina, American farmers lost the great New England market protected interests are of the American laborer. for their corn. The great European conflict has turned thou- It took the American voter a long time to fully understand sands of producers into consumers and will probably tempo- that if a protective tariff did not raise the price of a commodity rarily check the importations of corn to this country; but after to the consumer it could not possibly protect, and if it did raise the war-what? the price so as to protect then the consumer had to pay the What is true of corn will apply with equal force to oats, additional price. But this fact has finally dawned on the mind barley, wheat, and flax. In fact the price of everything that our of the American citizen, and he now sees how he has been defarmers raise is affected by importations in the same manner ceived and imposed upon. that these witnesses demonstrate that the price of corn has been In the campaign of 1908 there was a demand for a revision affected by our comparatively small importations from Argen- of the tariff downward, and to satisfy the voters the Republitina. In other words, it is not the amount of the importations can spellbinders," as well as the Democratic platform, dethat makes the matter serious to our farmers, but it is the effect clared for revision downward. The Republicans won. But that those importations have upon the market price of farm finding themselves with a new lease of power, they showed no disposition to make good their campaign promises but proproducts in our own country. ceeded at once to raise the tariff rate instead of lowering it. But, to be fair with them, they were in no position to make Emörgency Revenue Legislation. good to the people their pledge, for they were under everlasting obligations to the special privileged class for both votes and money to run the campaign, and they were lulled into EXTENSION OF REMARKS the belief that they could again fool the people and still retain the very valuable friendship of the privileged class. But alas, HON. HORATIO C. CLAYPOOL, they had presumed too strongly on the credulity of the voter. He refused longer to be deceived. They repudiated the PayneOF OHIO, Aldrich tariff law and proceeded at the first opportunity to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, depose those who had thus betrayed them in what they thought to be their own house. Friday, September 25, 1914, There will still ever remain two distinct methods of collectOn the bill (H. R. 18891) to increase the internal revenue, and for ing revenue--one by direct taxation and the other indirect or other purposes. by a tariff system. The fundamental difference between the Mr. CLAYPOOL. Mr. Speaker, I hope it is not speaking Democrats and Republicans in applying the tariff system is abruptly to say in the very beginning I am going to support this that the Republicans rely on tariff for protection of the pending bill, for it must be admitted by all fair-minded men millionaire manufacturers for protection's sake, making colthat the Democrats of the Ways and Means Committee did lection of revenue merely incidental or a secondary object, not bring it into this House by their own volition, but were com- while the Democrats apply the principles of tariff for revenue pelled to do so by conditions over which they had no control. only and make protection a secondary object. A war, the equal to which is unknown in history, ancient or We can readily see why the collection by the indirect method modern, is now raging in Europe, thus cutting off practically all is more popular than by direct taxation. By the tariff method imports from that continent. That the necessity for this bill the consumer pays without knowing it; it is simply added to would have been obviated by a higher rate of tariff is simply the price of the article he is buying, and he is purposely kept the silly talk of a minority party, which feels it to be its duty to from knowing he is being held up not only for the necessary hinder, delay, and obstruct. I say a silly attempt at an argu- revenue, but held up for the protection of some wealthy firms ment, for the merest novice can see how utterly impossible it who are at the same time growing wealthier year after year is to obtain revenue from tariff duties on imports when prac- on the consumer's industry. And yet those who contend for tically nothing is being imported. Under such conditions what this high protection pretend great concern and pity for the has the tariff rate to do with it? laboring man, but it is only a pretense. At the very outset, and before the real issue is reached, a Victor Berger, the Socialist, who but recently left Congress, doleful wail has gone up, almost a supplication, for the good old wisely says: "You can tax the shirt off a man's back without days when the Republican majority, with Uncle Joe Cannon in much complaint if you do it indirectly by tariff methods.” He command, reigned supreme in the land. The disconsolate minor- | never spoke more wisely. Page 6
It is my opinion that if this Congress should pass a law for If one wishes an intelligent and unbiased presentation of the the taking over of all the American railways at their actual facts regarding State railways, telegraphs, and telephones in physical value no one would be injured thereby, and that the Europe, let him read the series of articles on Government owner- American people would be saved billions for the future which ship in Europe recently contributed to the Saturday Evening otherwise will go to special-privilege corporations. Yet these Post by Will Payne. Mr. Payne, who was sent to Europe ex- corporations would not be hurt by such a law, because they pressly to study the subject of Government ownership, and espe- would be paid the present value of their property. They would cially Government service, for the Saturday Evening Post, gives have no right to the speculative profits of the future. fact after fact and specific incident after specific incident tend “ARMY OF EMPLOYEES ” BUGABOO. ing to show that the service given by State industries in Europe is far inferior to that given by private concerns in this country. railways is that it would create “an army of employees The first objection urged against the nationalization of our POOR SERVICE DENOUNCED. would dominate the politics of the country. None of the other Furthermore, the State railways, telephones, and telegraph 50 countries having Government ownership of railroads has had concerns of Europe are bitterly criticized by their own news that experience, so let us look into the facts and see if there is papers for their poor service. For example, last January the any ground to believe that we would be “ dominated by an army London Daily Mail said in an editorial: “Why is it that Gov- of employees.” We now have 100,000,000 people, and we have ernment ownership and management of telephones is practically 500,000 Government employees, or 1 person in 200. If we naalways a failure? Why is it that for every thousand Europeans tionalize the railways we will at once make civil servants of the there is only 1 telephone, while for every thousand Americans 1,500,000 employees now working for the railroads. That would there are 15? Why is it that not one of the many discoveries bring the total number of Government employees up to 2,000,000, that have transformed the telephone industry in the past 30 or 2 persons in 100. The total number of telephone employees years has emanated from a department of state? Why is it that in the United States does not exceed 100,000, and the total numthroughout the length and breadth of Great Britain and the ber of telegraph and express company employees will not aggreContinent hardly a single efficient long-distance service is to be gate more than 100,000. So if we nationalize the railway, telefound?” phone, telegraph, and express companies and take all the enRegarding the service of the railways of France, Mr. Payne ployees of those concerns into the civil service, the then total of says in an article in the Saturday Evening Post of May 2, after our employees will not exceed 2.2 persons in 100. Therefore the having severely criticized the service of the French Government cry that an “army of employees ” would dominate our politics railways: is the merest bugaboo. We now have 300,000 postal employees. “Of course, a good deal of this is true of the privately owned They vote independently; they are found in all parties. The roads as well as of the State owned, yet there is an over- same would be true if we should have railway, telegraph, and whelming mass of testimony to show that the State-owned roads telephone employees. Besides, there would be 97.8 persons in give the poorest service and have been the slowest to make private life to only 2.2 persons on the Government pay roll, and improvements." any Congressman or Senator who favored the Government emSTATE TRAINS ARE CABOOSES, ployees to the detriment of the private citizens would certainly Referring again to the service of the French State railways, be left at home at the next election. he says: “I do not know whether you have ever ridden in the The next principal objection to Government ownership of railcaboose of a way freight on a third-class railroad in the United ways is that it is socialistic. The world is not socialistic, yet States when there were as many passengers as the vehicle 50 out of the 54 countries of the world have Government ownercould well hold, most of them addicted to pipes and the sort ship of railroads, the only four exceptions being the United of tobacco that comes in large, loose brown-paper packages. States, Turkey, Spain, and Great Britain. Not all of the 50 There was a time when it was my privilege to enjoy that ex- countries owning and operating railroads own all of their lines, perience rather frequently; and, except for the free-and-easy but they own and operate a substantial part thereof, and not a sociability of the caboose, that comes much nearer to conditions single one of those 50 countries has found Government ownerof travel on some state trains in France than anything else I ship and operation of railroads a failure. On the other hand, have ever seen in the United States." they have found it a great success, and not one of them would If one will but look about him and contrast the kind of take a step backward toward private ownership. service usually rendered in his own city, his own State, and his The following table gives approximately the private and Govown country by Government and private concerns, he will ernment mileage of the world by countries, excepting the United speedily disabuse his mind of any notion he may have that States, Turkey, Spain, and Great Britain: Governments ordinarily do things better than private companies, Private GovernSTATEMENTS CALLED UNRELIABLE. Countries. mileage. ment Mr. LAFFERTY makes numerous assertions in support of his plea mileage. for Government ownership besides those mentioned, which are equally as misleading. Enough has been said, however, to Alsace-Lorraine. 17 1,079 show that his statements of facts are wholly unreliable and his Argentina. 10,000 2,500 deductions from them entirely untenable. Like many other Austria-Hungary. 19, 694 Baden... advocates of public ownership, he seems to believe so strongly Bavaria. in his cause as to think that he may rightfully resort to every Belgium... form of misrepresentation in order to bolster up his argument Brunswick. Brazil... 274 for it. Bulgaria. 19,956 1,562 But the public is not likely to regard the matter in that light. Cape of Good Hope.. It is likely to conclude that a policy for which a case can not Chile. Ceylon.... 579 1, 453 be made out except by the use of all manner of misstatements China. 470 and misrepresentations is hardly a safe policy to adopt, and Colombia. 210 220 that men who resort to the use of such means of creating public Dutch East Indies. Denmark. 855 1,131 300 sentiment are not safe leaders to follow. Ecuador.. Finland. 151 1,885 LAFFERTY'S SPEECH IN FULL. France.. 24,849 [Delivered in the House of Renresentatives March 11, 1914.] Germany. 1,248 31,000 I take advantage of this opportunity to present to Congress Greece.. 700 (1) Guatemala (1) the reasons which have convinced me during the past three India. 3,973 25, 321 years that the American people should nationalize their rail- Indo-China (France) 1,430 ways. Italy.. 1, 240 8,520 Japan. 4,399 In thus declaring outright for Government ownership of rail- Mexico 6,319 5,890 roads, which, of course, would mean also the ownership of the Natal. 776 telegraphs and telephones and the superseding of the express New South Wales Netherlands. 822 985 3,390 companies through the extension of the parcel post, I have not New Zealand 2,391 reached a hasty decision. Indeed, the facts in favor of Govern Page 7
placed to the credit of the Commonwealth and where the reCOMMISSIONS FAIL TO “REGULATE.” mainder shall be always subject to private ownership. The utter folly of hoping for results from attempted" regu MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP ADVOCATED. lation” ought to be shown by the fact that in 27 years the I certainly think that municipalities should own and operate Interstate Commerce Commission has accomplished nothing in their own public monopolies, such as street railways, gas, electhis regard. This commission has within the last few days tric light, and waterworks; but the value of all of those when announced a probable increase in freight rates, effective July 1, added to the value of the railroads, telephones, telegraphs, and 1914, although the commission's own report for 1913, page 46, Government-owned coal mines will not exceed one-fourth of the shows that the profits of the railroads are on the increase under total national wealth, thus leaving three-fourths of the propexisting rates. This report of the commission shows that the erty of the United States permanently in private ownership as profits of the railroads for 1913 were nearly $100,000,000 greater a reward to individual genius, industry, and frugality. than in 1912. What is the occasion for authorizing an increase in rates under such circumstances? The following is the report of the commission for 1913: War-Tax Revenue Bill. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Year ended June 30- Average per mile of road operated. OF Items. HON. GEORGE M. YOUNG, 1913 1912 1913 1912 OF NORTH DAKOTA, Average number of miles of road operated... 221,748.58 219,666.45 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Operating revenues: Friday, September 25, 1914, Freight.. $2,134,583,675. 86 $1,902,742, 853.03 $9,626.14 $8,661.96 Passenger. 678, 487,867.25 641,594, 147.09 3,059.72 2,920.77 On the bill (H. R. 18891) to increase the internal revenue, and for other Other transportation. 210, 804, 502.14 195, 837, 469.81 950. 65 891.52 purposes. Nontransportation... 33, 287, 717.53 28,789, 383.52 150.11 131. 06 Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. Speaker, I desire to call Total... 3,057, 163, 762.78 2,768,963,853. 45 13,786.62 12,605.31 attention to two letters, written by prominent officials of the American Society of Equity; also some editorials, to emphasize Operating expenses: Maintenance of way the need of economy rather than the imposition of additional and structures.. 407, 171, 756.34 351, 583, 429.82 1,836. 19 1,600.53 taxes, as proposed in H. R. 18891: Maintenance of equipment... 501,671,011.01 439, 997, 245. 83 2,262.34 2,003.02 LETTER OF MR. TANK. Traffic... 61,391, 495.37 59,203, 342. 86 276.85 269.52 Transportation. WAUSAU, Wis., September 21, 1914. 1,074,943, 310.41 994, 986, 281.00 4,847.58 4,529.53 General. 73, 408, 323.39 69, 190, 051.34 331.04 314.98 Mr. J. WELLER LONG, Chicago, Ill. Total..... 2,118,585,896.52 1,914,960,350.85 9,554.00 8,717.58 DEAR SIR AND BROTHER : By instruction of the executive committee of our organization, I wish you would use all the influence at your comNet operating revenue: mand to work for legislation for the purpose of having the Government Rail operation.. 238,577, 866. 26 854, 003, 502.60 4,232.62 3,887.73 loan money to the people under the same condition and on the same Outside operations.. 1,379, 130.21 475, 163. 90 6.22 2.16 You are further authorized to make known the position of this orTotal net operating ganization on the general appropriation bill, commonly called the “ pork revenue.. 939, 956, 996. 47 854, 478,665.50 4,238.84 3,889.89 barrel," and that is that we are opposed to the reckless squandering Taxes... 124, 356, 024. 17 116,419,026. 43 560.80 529.98 of Government funds for apparently unnecessary things, most of such appropriation being asked for by. Representatives for the purpose of Operating income.. 815, 600, 972.30 738,059, 640.073, 678.04 3,359.91 making themselves solid for political purposes with their constituents. at the expense of the people at large. Fraternally, When first elected to Congress three years ago I did not favor H. G. TANK, Government ownership. I then favored “Government regula National Secretary-Treasurer. tion.” But I have investigated the matter carefully, found the LETTER OF MR. LONG. facts set forth in these remarks, and have reached the conclu NATIONAL UNION AMERICAN SOCIETY OF EQUITY, sion that Government ownership is the only complete remedy. Chicago, Ill., September 24, 1911. Hon. G. M. YOUNG, MONOPOLY OWNERSHIP PREVENTS INDIVIDUAL OPPORTUNITY, Washington, D. O. A child born in America is certainly entitled to have an in- DEAR SIR: We have noted with some surprise with what readiness terest in something besides poorhouses and jails; but at the Congress, under war conditions in Europe, has come to the relief of present time the Commonwealth includes but little more than pleasure seekers, the merchant marine in buying vessels and insuring cargoes, the bankers in amending the Aldrich-Vreeland bill-I quote these. The total wealth of this country, as before stated, is exact words that no bank shall be permitted to issue circulating notes approximately $120,000,000,000. That sum is equal to $1,200 to excess 125 per cent of its unimpaired capital and surplus," also in per head of our population. I do not say that each child should passing the Federal reserve act, providing for the banker without inbe born with that much property to its credit already earned. And with equal surprise we noted the indifference on the part of I think some premium should be placed upon the industry and Congress to the distressed conditions as to the masses at home and the good management of parents, who are under obligations to pro-while millions of both, the bone and sinew of the land, are going hungry vide for their children. But I do say that each child born into and illy clad, not because they are lazy and trifling but because Congress this world should have an equal opportunity to earn his propor- does not act in their behalf. Therefore, according to instructions by our national executive comtionate share of the world's wealth, and if one-sixth or one-mittee, as the following letter shows, we join with the Farmers' Edufourth of it is already in the hands of corporate monopoly, the cational and Cooperative Union in their demand for the issue of money child has no such chance. With Government ownership of rail- Kindly let me hear from you immediately, as I have to report to this roads in America each child born in this country will find to its committee. credit an interest in the National Commonwealth of a property Yours, truly, J. WELLER LONG. value of $200. That common property would serve him all his The Search-Light (Fargo) says: life. It would aid him and help to give him an equal chance to earn his share of that portion of the national wealth which NO TAX ON BANK CHECKS. shall remain private property. The proposition to again tax bank checks as a part of the war reve nue to be raised, is, in the judgment of the Search-Light, unwise, espeIt is merely a question as to whether the one-sixth of our cially at this time when business is so seriously, interrupted on account national wealth represented by our railroads shall remain a hampered in this country, now that there must be and will be a great permanent handicap to private effort or whether these railroads building up of internal enterprise, which building up necessarily means shall in addition to their great value as public carriers be made laying the foundation for a much greater share of the foreign trade a strong arm of the Government to extend a helping hand to may be anticipated by a tax on bank checks can be very easily raised each one of our citizens who is engaged in private business. in some other manner. Page 8
Eæports-January to June, inclusive, 1913 and 1919. we lost our markets abroad and increased our imports from forCRUDE MATERIALS FOR CSE IN MANUFACTURING. eign countries. The only question was, How soon yould we reach the condition which existed under Cleveland and the 1914 Per cent. 1913 Per cent. Wilson tariff bill? The disastrous conditions came even sooner than we had anticipated. Much as I opposed the Underwood January $80, 841,845 40.09 $72,834, 222 tariff bill, I would not have dared to prophesy that we would February. 60, 185, 126 35.07 49,060, 165 lose our enormous favorable trade balance and have an adverse March. 56,310, 364 30. 62 36,076,437 19.66 trade balance the first year it was on the statute books; yet April 37,627, ,006 23.67 47,566,871 24.23 May. 37, 816, 086 24.02 46,088, 283 24.12 such is the astounding and lamentable fact, as is shown by the June.. 32,872, 355 21.30 29,708,193 18.00 following table: Total, 6 months... 305, 661, 782 281,334,171 Excess of imports over exports four months of 1914 : April --- $11, 339, 544 May 2, 476, 896 FOODSTUFFS IN CRUDE CONDITION AND FOOD ANIMALS. June. 653,522 July -- 8, 462, 233 January. $9,085,370 4.50 $20, $27,378 9.29 Total.---February 22, 932, 195 8,549, 477 4.98 16,340, 432 8.55 March. 7, 168, 732 3. 90 13,907, 220 7.58 These figures alone, showing, as they do, an adverse balance April. 6,328, 730 3.98 13, 209, 610 6.73 May. of nearly $23,000,000 in four months, are enough to condemn 10,078, 917 8. 40 11,006, 869 5.77 June. 11,017,074 7.10 9,015, 447 5.51 the Underwood bill if we had no other evidence of its disas trous effects. A favorable balance sheet of nearly $55,000,000 a Total, 6 months. ... 52, 258, 400 84,306, 956 month turned into an unfavorable balance of over $12,000,000 in a single month, seven months after a change of tariff schedFOODSTUFFS PARTLY OR WHOLLY MANUFACTURED. ules, is going some, even for the Democratic donkey. These figures of imports and exports and of trade balances are so January $29, 179, 696 14.47 $30, 575, 188 13.77 February. 22, 153, 990 12.91 31, 267, 405 startling they convey without comment the story of closed mills 16.36 March. 22,989,066 12.50 28,759, 084 15.68 and factories at home ard increased business in mills and April. 19,588, 017 12.32 26, 178, 111 13.24 factories abroad. In hem the intelligent mind can see the May.. 20, 117, 749 12.77 24,937,913 13.05 June.. 20,075, 216 13.00 23, 737, 499 14.00 increasing numbers of unemployed in all industrial centers, the long lines of empty freight cars, the reduced incomes, the povTotal, 6 months.. 154, 103, 734 165, 755, 200 erty and distress which is inevitable where a nation increases its outlay and at the same time suffers a loss of income. MANUFACTURES FOR FURTHER USE IN MANUFACTURING. While it seems scarcely necessary, it may be instructive to refer to a few of the more important direct effects of the DemoJanuary $29,522, 534 14.64 $34,618, 264 15. 44 February cuatic tariff policy. I shall in every case refer to conditions 28,491, 259 16.60 31, 643, 366 16.55 March. 32,856,618 17.68 35, 216,394 19. 20 on or before August 1. If I used any later date Democrats April. 31, 844, 607 20.03 37,044,590 18.88 would charge it to the war. I take the liberty of presenting May.. 30, 431, 865 19.32 37,050, 329 19.39 June. 31, 755, 039 20.61 31, 453,499 some facts and figures as recently compiled by a reliable au19. 60 thority. Total, 6 months.. 184,901, 922 207, 026, 442 SOME ACTUAL FACTS IN PARALLEL COLUMNS. 1912. 1914, MANUFACTURES READY FOR CONSUMPTION. Democrats coming into power The Democratic Party, has just found the following record for the left behind it the following record January $52, 435, 369 26.00 $64, 501, 194 28.75 first half of 1912: for the first six months of 1914 : February. 51,685, 466 30.12 62, 221, 839 32. 55 Excellent business conditions. Business stagnation. March. 63,739, 633 34. 65 68, 609, 225 37.40 General prosperity of the people. Idle freight cars. April.. 62,557, 755 39.36 70, 664,000 36.01 Full employment of labor. More than a million men out May.. 58,563, 302 37.18 71, 262, 520 37.30 of employment. June.. 58, 070, 674 37.00 65, 749,211 41.00 Here are the actual concrete figures : Total, 6 months... 347,052, 199 403,007,989 COMMERCIAL FAILURES. January 1 to July 1. MISCELLANEOUS, 1912..---- $108, 012, 223 | 1914.. $185, 009, 773 Increase, $76,997,550, or 71 per cent. January. $609, 230 0.30 $615, 812 0.27 February BANKING FAILURES. 539, 820 .32 602, 237 .32 March. 861, 188 .47 878, 430 January 1 to July 1. .48 April.. 1,021, 188 .64 1,580, 524 .81 1912-- $17, 833, 235 | 1914_. $28, 621, 312 Мау. 484,799 .31 709, 886 .37 Number -- 55 Number 93 June.. 285, 102 . 10 509,031 .30 Increase : In number, 28; in amount, $10,788,087, or 60 per cent. Total, 6 months. 3, 801,327 4, 896, 320 GROSS RAILROAD LARNINGS. T'irst five months First five months of 1912---- 734 $997, 558, 018 compared with the 6 months ending with June, 1913. Decrease, $89,513,716, or 8 per cent. This would have kept employed many thousands of now idle railroad 1914 1913 IDLE FREIGHT CARS JULY 1, Crude materials for use in manufacturing.. 1912-- 70, 731 | 1914. $305,661,782 $281,334,171 220, 875 Foodstuffs in crude condition and food animals. 52, 258, 400 84,306, 956 Increase of 150,144, or 212 per cent. Foodstuffs partly or wholly manufactured..... 154, 103, 734 165, 755, 200 IMPORTS FOR FIRST NINE MONTHS OF THE UNDERWOOD LAW AND FOR Manufactures for further use in manufacturing. 184,901, 922 207, 026, 442 THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD OF THE OLD LAW, TWO YEARS BEFORE. Manufactures ready for consumption.. 347,052, 199 203,007, 989 Miscellaneous. 1911 and 1912_-- $1,283,093, 701 | 1913 and 1914.--- $1,446, 127, 491 3,801, 327 4,896, 320 Increase, $162,033,790, or 12 per cent. Total.... 1,047,779, 3641, 146, 327,078 These additional imports were moved into this country by foreign ships. Had a similar quantity been moved from one part of the country Decrease in domestic exports, $98,548,714. to another they would have called into activity one-half of those idle freight cars. BALANCE OF TRADE, IDLE LABOR. A nation, like an individual, to be permanently successful 1912---- --- Practically none. I 1914--- -- Million men. must have an income larger than its outlay; and in the case of 4,000,000 people." So that President Wilson by his “ new freedom Counting one wage carner to each four persons, this would affect a nation its income and outlay in its business with the balance has released as many from voluntary service as Abraham Lincoln freed of the world is indicated by its balance of trade. For 20 years For 20 years from involuntary servitude by his emancipation proclamation. under Republican administrations the balance of trade in our BALANCE IN THE GENERAL FUND OF THE TREASURY JULY 1. favor in our foreign commerce was large, and constantly 1912-- $167, 152, 478. 99 / 1914_ growing. During this entire period it averaged more than $145, 835, 502. 10 $400,000,000 per annum, and in the fiscal year ended June 30, Decrease, $21,316,976.89, or 12 per cent. 1913, the last full fiscal year'under Republican tariff legisla GOLD SHIPPED FROM THIS COUNTRY. tion, the balance in our favor in our foreign trade reached the January 1 to July 1 (all this before war influence was apparent). enormous sum of $652,875,915. But the Underwood tariff bill $27,000,000 | 1914-- $65, 000, 000 had the usual effect of Democratic tariff legislation. Under it Increase, $38,000,000, or 140 per cent. Page 9
are people of small means, comparatively, and this colossal loss a sufficient length of time to prove conclusively its influence falls mainly upon people who are least able to bear it. It is a upon the Nation's industries and the everyday life of the peogreat mistake to assume that the railroads are owned by the ple. This act, like any other statute, must be judged by the rich. While they are controlled in their management by wealthy results obtained under it. Has it operated to help the business men, the actual ownership is in the hands of hundreds of thou- of the country or has it been one of the principal causes of the sands of people in very moderate circumstances. present depression? Up to the present time no Democrat of Third. The destruction of so great a sum from railway earn- information and integrity has been satisfied with the results. ings has operated to bankrupt many railway companies and to COST OF LIVING. lessen the working force, decreasing their ability to purchase materials and install improvements and extensions, all of whi The Democratic leaders attributed the high cost of living to has reduced the demand for labor and caused decreasing em- the protective tariff of the Republicans, and based their arguployments. Directly and indirectly, the loss to labor, through ments for a lower tariff on the statements that their measure all its ramifications, is incalculable. would greatly reduce the cost of living. Instead of these DemoFourth. Of course, taking this much money out of the indus- cratic promises the actual fact is that the cost of 25 food tries of the country must have a tendency to increase the busi products, which are all that the average family uses, are much ness depression that is now so keenly felt in every field of higher for the first seven months of 1914, under a Democratic industrial enterprise. Every blow that is aimed at the rail. tariff, than they were for the same period of 1913 under the roads of the country, that will decrease their power to serve all Republican tariff. This is fully shown in tables of comparison the public, including their own stockholders, in the most effi- compiled by the Annalist, a magazine owned and issued by the cient manner, must fall upon the public who use the railroads. New York Times. The Times is a low-tariff Democratic paper The action of the Interstate Commerce Commission on the ap- and the ablest supporter of the Wilson administration. This plication of the various interstate railways to increase their rates increased cost of living is progressive; it was much higher in 5 per cent was a fit example of the lack of practical knowledge to July than it was in January, 1914. Of course these Democratic deal with such important questions. After many months of statesmen knew that the principal cause of the high cost of waiting and inaction they finally granted part and refused part. living throughout the country was not a high tariff, but that Every day during this long wait men were being laid off, forces it was due almost entirely to the continually increasing wages reduced, idle cars increasing, trains abandoned, and earnings fall paid to all classes of labor, but they have not the courage to ing off at the rate of half million dollars a day. The credit of say so. the roads weakened, bankruptcy and receiverships following that it would necessarily increase the price of farm products while the commission's action is condemned by aîl except the to the consumer; they also knew that an increased wage given crowd that stands on the corner and spends all its time in mak- to the shoemaker must be paid in the end by the wearer of the shoes; still they would not openly admit that wages always fix ing a noise. An excuse is sometimes offered for making the wholesale con the cost of living. fiscation of railroad property that has been going on in the last IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. year or two by the statement that at one time the railroads The very best barometer of our business conditions is shown issued watered stock, gave rebates, and practiced discrimination by our trade with foreign nations. If a man buys more than among shippers. Every railroad in the country of any magni- he sells and keeps it up, he will become bankrupt. The same is tude was constructed originally by issuing bonus stock. The equally true of nations. If we sell more products to foreign opposition to bonus stock has no better foundation to stand on countries than we buy from them, our producers are so much than the purpose to keep all men from making money. The the better off. When American labor and capital is engaged in primal reason for it is envy, pure and simple. All the value that producing goods to be sold to and paid for by foreign people, bonus stock can have is derived from the business, freight and we are infinitely better off than if we bought those goods from passenger, which the owners develop along the line of a new the capital and labor of other countries. railroad, and which would not have been created except for the Compared with the working conditions of the last year of the building of the road in the first instance. Every property owner Every property owner Republican high tariff, the present Democratic measure has along the new line has it quadrupled in value by the building operated to deprive our own workshops and workingmen of treof the road, and such property owner should be willing, in good mendous amount of business that has gone to foreign labor and morals, that the builder should to some extent share in the in- foreign workshops. The following is a summary of a statement creased values which his money and enterprise have created. compiled by Mr. Brown, of the Philadelphia Chamber of Com The practice of rebating and discrimination has ceased en-merce, from the official records, and published August 1, 1914: tirely, or as nearly so as it is possible to have them stop. They CHANGES AFFECTING LABOR. have not been practiced to any extent in the last 10 years, and if these things are evils, as many people maintain, they numbers of workmen. “A close study of the figures,” Mr. Brown says, The products in this comparison require for their production large will not be practiced again, as there is now no reason for such " must convince both manufacturers and employees that something practices. It should be borne in mind that rebates and dis- has happened in the last six months which did not happen in the same period of 1912 and 1913.” He adds: criminations were not looked upon as wrong, either legally or From strictly official records, the imports of manufacturers of morally, when they were practiced, but were deemed as per- aluminum increased $361,635, from $458,587 to $820,240, or 78 per fectly legitimate by the business conscience. cent; automobiles, parts of, $353,103, from $179,759 to $532,862, or These excuses for the war that is now being waged against 196_ per cent; cotton cloths, $3,407,725, from $4,621,562 to $8,039, 287, or 73 per cent; cutlery, $513,607, from $875,803 to $1,389,410, or 58 the railroads will not bear analysis, for if they are violating the law in any respect they can be made to stop it, without Fruits and nuts may be considered food products, but as their pro duction required the services of many employees, they have been inconfiscating their property or impairing their usefulness as cluded in this comparison, the increase being $5,787,484, from common carriers. What then is the real reason for this hos- | $19,413,353 to $25,200,837, or 29 per cent. Glassware shows an intility and organized effort to destroy the railroads? The crease of $1,126,373, from $3,090,769 to $4,217,069, or 36 per cent; knit goods, one of our important articles of manufacture, shows an answer is a very simple one, and it is another manifestation increase of $2,178,989, from $1,583,843 to $3,762,832, or 137 per cent; of the purpose of those in power to take one man's property lace and lace articles, $1,442,728, from $9,057,639 to $10,500,367, or and give it to another without compensation. The system of 15 per cent; leather gloves, $777,486, from $3,844,507 to $4,121,993, or 23 per cent; leather and tanned skins, $4,202,403, from $4,466,663 railroads operated in the United States is the best to be found to $8,669,066, or 94 per cent. anywhere. First-class passenger fares are cheaper in this Paper, and manufactures of, increased $3,455,460 from $10,479,525 country than anywhere else in the world, and the freight rates to $13,934,985, Q1 32 per cent; silk, manufactures of. $4,991,465, from $13,893,275 to $18,884,740, or 35 per cent; tin plate, $813,314, from are very much cheaper. Even under State ownership, where $329,707 to $1,143,021, or '246 per cent. it is not expected to earn any money by operating the roads- Interesting to the woolgrower is the increase in wool, classes 1, 2, except in Germany—the service by our railroads is not only Manufactures of wool show an increase of $13,155,999, from $6,702,109 3, of $21,024,431, from $18,708,786 to $39,733,217, or '112 per cent. better, but much cheaper. Any injury to our railway system, to $19,858,108, or 196 per cent, which must be most pleasing to the whether it be to take the management out of the owner's hands foreign manufacturers of woolen fabrics. and place it in an irresponsible commission, or lowering rates, to $1,710,363, or 37 per cent. În this connection, it may be said that Watches, and parts of, show an increase of $463,061, from $1,247,302 and destroying their credit so they can not secure money for a large part of imports of watches and parts of are watchcases, which improvements and extensions, injures the public and greatly constitute a thriving industry in this country. hinders and depresses business of every character. It is a Linen yarns increased $172,436, from $377,140 to $549,560, or 45 per cent. blow at the very heart of all enterprise. The purpose back ALARA FOR FUTURE. of the fight against railroads is to prevent anyone from making The totals covered by this comparison show an increase of $61,money and to compel them to serve the public free of cost. 227,717, from $98,830,356 to $163,058,073, or 64.9 per cent, and as the total imports for the year ending June 30, 1911. increased over the DEMOCRATIC TARIFF. imports for the year ending June 30, 1913, $81,160,964, it would seem that the increase in the imports of manufactured goods and products The present tariff was passed by the Democratic Party and employing large numbers of workingmen have been suficiently heavy to went into effect in October, 1913. It has been in operation for justify alarm for the future, Page 10
which amount about one-half has come from domestic and no reason, as far as this country is concerned, why these losses Canadian mills, and the remainder represents the value of ex. should not be so uniformly distributed that they will not fall ports to foreign countries. with crushing force upon any section, or upon any industry, "ADDITION TO TRADE BALANCE. and I firmly believe that American pluck and American energy “By the sale of this crop the South has been enabled not are going to reassert themselves and that American farmers, only to discharge its obligations promptly every fall but has merchants, bankers, and manufacturers will cooperate with their Government and with each other in solving present problems, added a half a billion dollars each year to the national trade balance. Cotton production is stimulated by high prices, and and that they will put themselves in a position to grasp the conversely, it is curtailed when prices fall below the cost of pro- opportunities that the future is bound to offer." duction. This has been particularly true in those years when prices were low throughout the season and continued low dur The War Tax. ing planting time, in the early spring. Never have the evils of overproduction been so universally appreciated in the South as now, nor ever before has there been such grim determination to EXTENSION OF REMARKS hold cotton and to radically curtail acreage. Public sentiment in many Southern States has been so aroused that there is now a general clamor for legislation by the States to regulate the HON. JULIUS KAHN, production of cotton, and some farmers have gone so far as to demand that the planting of any cotton whatever in 1915 be OF CALIFORNIA, prohibited. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, “Of course, extreme action of this kind is not anticipated, but it is undoubtedly true that should prices considerably below Thursday, September 24, 191), the average cost of production, which is probably about 10 cents on the bill (H. R. 18891) to increase the internal revenue, and for other per pound, prevail for the next six months cotton will be parted purposes. with only as necessity arises, and most serious curtailment in Mr. KAHN. Mr. Speaker, recognizing the absurdity of trying acreage for the next crop will be the inevitable sequence. Many to discuss this important measure in the few minutes that could of those who might be financially able to put their lands in cot be allowed me under the gag rule that has been adopted by the ton would be attracted by the high prices for grain and would Democratic majority of this House, I avail myself of the priviplant food crops, while others less independent might be willing lege afforded me to extend my remarks, and therefore subto continue in cotton but would find themselves unable to secure mit a few desultory observations on this subject in the RECORD. the necessary advances. The action of the Democratic majority on this measure is an“No well-informed man on southern conditions will deny that other confirmation of the fact that the House of Representatives further diversification in southern farming is desirable, and has ceased to be a deliberative body. The members of the that more attention should be paid to cattle raising and to the Democratic Party in the Sixty-first Congress succeeded in stirproduction of foodstuffs. But it would be most unfortunate if But it would be most unfortunate if ring up a pronounced sentiment throughout the country against by any chance the production of cotton next year should be so small as to make the trade dependent upon the present crop fight at that time was directed against the rules of the House. what they were pleased to term “Cannonism.” Their principal for the greater portion of its two years' supply. Cotton goods They contended that the rules presented by the Committee on can compete with more expensive fabrics only up to a certain Rules shut off debate and therefore gagged the membership price level, and if a year hence the prevailing prices for raw cotton should be as abnormally high as they are now abnormally full, fair, and free discussion under such conditions. of the House. They forcefully argued that there could be no low, the manufacturers of cotton goods will have their present American people undoubtedly believed in the sincerity of the The problems aggravated, and would be fatally handicapped in a Democrats when they made these attacks, and largely in conmovement for trade expansion at the very time when it is probable that conditions would be ripe for efforts in that sequence of their outcry against the special rules presented by direction. the Republican majority of the Committee on Rules they were DEMAND FOR COTTON GOODS. successful at the polls in the election that ensued, and for the “I shall not undertake in the presence of the foremost experts first time in 16 years they secured a majority of the membership of the House of Representatives. to hazard any guesses as to the probable consumption of cotton within the next few months, but I will be bold enough to predict But, Mr. Speaker, what have they done? They have “outthat as the season progresses there will be a steadily increasing Cannoned Cannon.” During the 16 years of Republican domidemand for cotton goods by consumers, with a corresponding nation in the House of Representatives there were only 110 demand for raw cotton by the mills, with a marked increase in special rules brought in and acted upon on legislative matters, the demand for export. Of course as long as present conditions or an average of a little less than 7 special rules per annum. continue the demand from Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, During the three and a half years of Democratic domination the and France will be greatly curtailed, but there should be a good majority has brought in 54 or 55 special rules up to the present demand from Great Britain, Spain, Italy, and from Russia, time, and, according to recent newspaper reports, “ the end is not which can obtain its supplies independently of routings through yet.” The average number of special rules on legislative questhe Baltic Sea. Ship room is now available, prompt action by tions brought in by the Democratic majority of this House durCongress has enabled our Government to provide marine insur- ing the period they have had control of the House is over 15 per ance, the Bank of England is again discounting bills, and prac- annum. So much for performance as compared with promise. tically all the obstacles in the way of exports to all foreign In fact, the Democratic majority have shown themselves to be countries, except Germany and Austria-Hungary, have been long on promises but very short on performances. removed. Mr. Speaker, this war-tax measure, places a tax on wine " Foreign exchange conditions have within the last few days amounting to 20 cents a wine gallon on sweet wines and 12 been vastly improved by the formation of the gold fund as ap- cents on other wines, including dry wines. That tax will fall proved by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Federal Re- almost entirely upon the wine growers of the State of California. serve Board, and as our exports of grain and cotton increase in The wine industry is said to be the third largest in my State. volume, as they must do in the very near future, normal quota- Between 85 and 90 per cent of all the wine manufactured in tions for sterling bills will again prevail. I am violating no the United States is made in California, so that about $5,250,000 confidence when I state that rapid progress is now being made of the estimated revenue of $6,000,000 from this tax will fall in the organization of the Federal reserve banks, and it is my upon the shoulders of the wine makers of my State. It is an personal opinion that the system will become effective during unfair and unjust discrimination against that State. It must the ensuing month. The Secretary of the Treasury has acted be remembered that claret, or dry wines, constitute the great with wonderful celerity throughout the crisis, and by his bulk of the wines produced in California. Much of this dry promptness in authorizing and issuing emergency currency un- wine is sold to people who substitute these dry wines for tea or der the provisions of the Aldrich-Vreeland Act, as amended, coffee at their meals. The people who purchase these cheaper has, in the face of moratoria in practically nearly all other civi- wines can not afford to pay the hundred per cent or more inlized countries, kept the United States not only upon a cash crease in their cost that must inevitably ensue if this bill is basis but on a gold basis, and he asks only the intelligent and enacted into law, and the very purpose of the law to raise a unselfish cooperation of the business community, which he con- revenue will be defeated, because the manufacturers of this fidently expects, to aid him in the speedy restoration of normal cheaper grade of wine will refuse to make it. financial and commercial conditions throughout this country. The farmers who raise grapes for the wineries have hundreds The tremendous waste incident to war will, of course, be felt of thousands of acres of land in California cultivated to the all over the world, and losses will inevitably ensue, but there is grape. They are dependent upon the wineries for the sale of Page 11
The Wilson Administration–The Character of Its Leader- dressed himself to the redemption of party pledges, who upon ship-The Record of Its Achievement. trial has thrown his soul and heart and mind unreservedly into the battle for the protection of the people's rights. There is kindness in his smile; there is sympathy in his eye; there is EXTENSION OF REMARKS deep concern of the responsibility of his high office. There is firmness in the jaw that has carried the country through the OF most critical and delicate situations to which the Democratic HON. MAURICE CONNOLLY, Party fell heir. No personal ambition, no spirit of bombast, no self-exploitaOF IOWA. tion, no weakness for publicity or public clamor has affected his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, earnest, serious purpose to do for the great American people that which God has given him the light to do. And what a Tuesday, June 23, 1914. trial. Mr. CONNOLLY of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I wish to take up Almost insuperable obstacles placed in his path, ambushed by the time allotted to me to present some views upon the Wilson special interests, waylaid by the representatives of protected administration, its leadership, and its record. monopoly, threatened by the desperadoes of plunder, who felt In the evolution of politics'it is the sincerity of the man that that under his guidance the agencies of government might be counts to-day. It is his sense of honor and integrity toward the wrested from their control and get back to the people who people that should impress this generation. Personal ambition created them. and political opportunism have a tendency to blind many public Woodrow Wilson, the man of heart and iron. The heart that men toward their duties and toward their contract with the beats in sympathy with equality of justice to mankind. The electorate. iron of resolution that has turned from the easiest way to the We sometimes hear that a man is congressional "size" or or stony, stubborn, jagged path of plain duty. gubernatorial “ size," or has the proportions for whatever office In turning from the principal actors and leaders in the adminhe may aspire to, and this standard has in the past sometimes istration let us turn to the policies which they assisted in been measured by superficial ability, by brilliancy, by lingual guiding and promulgating. and oratorical accomplishments, but the great thinking and REVISION OF THE TARIFF. progressive forces of the American people to-day realize that Turning to the tariff, our party kept its preelection pledges of gifts and talents when directed toward personal ambitions with a genuine revision downward. The man at the helm of Deout regard to consistency, comprise not forces for the benefit of the people, but elements that operate against the best inter- tion that were imposed upon the party as a result of the cam mocracy felt the obligations upon this matter of tariff legislaests of the people. : No matter what their talents may be, work of genuine labor as to our contract with the people on the tariff, from the stand paign of 1912; but if there had not been that sense of integrity is often impeded by men who, in the mirror of self-contempla- point of expediency, I question whether any party could gain tion, decide that there is a great political future beyond. The any headway with the American people by attempting another men who can serve the people to the best advantage are not adjustment of the tariff such as the Payne-Aldrich bill, the those who have a consuming ambition for personal glorification; net result of which revision and the average of which revision men who keep constantly before them their political possibilities would be up instead of down, and some of the schedules of and shape their actions accordingly, backing and filling, shifting which have been described by an Iowa Senator as representing from one foot to the other, bowing at this moment in one direc a graft "greater than that of all of the graft of all the life tion, and, at the smile of promise, turning again in another insurance companies through all the ages.' direction. It may be that in the new bill containing 4,000 or more items I believe the people of this country want to decide themselves that there should creep in some error and some inequalities, but as to the potentiality for good in their public men, and that so- the Underwood-Simmons bill was written with a view of taking called “size" for office does not depend upon the talents of care of the interests of the great masses of the people and ambitious men, but rather upon the size of the soul, the con- giving some relief to the consuming public and taking from science, and the heart of men who work sincerely, if quietly, to privilege and special interests the fortress from which, like carry out the program of pledges to the people who gave them the barons the barons of old, they exacted toll and tribute from the wage office; and herein lies the power and the force for good in that earner, the farmer, the merchant, and the manufacturer. dignified, earnest, modest, and conscientious servant of the peo The schedules of this bill were not written by any repreple who now occupies the White House. sentatives of entrenched privilege or private monopoly, but by THE PEERLESS LEADER. the representatives of the people. Against the background of Democracy there loom large and If after this tariff law has had a fair trial and a square deal illustrious figures. In this present hour and under this adminis-before the American people, and it develops that in some of its tration we see the face and figure of one who for many years has provisions it works hardship anil does injustice and discrimiblazed the way through the wilderness of privilege and pro- nates against any legitimate industry you will find the Demotected interests toward the promised land of popular rule. cratic Party willing to correct such a condition, but the bill Democracy contemplates with affection the pioneer work of should be given a fair trial and a square deal. this great protector of popular rights, and no ridicule, no shafts If Democracy is defeated, the rendulum will swing back to of irony, that come from the bows of privilege can spoil our high protection, the benefits of which extremity will accrue estimate of his works for mankind. The great moral forces not even more conspicuously than in the past to a relatively small only of this country, but of the world, get inspiration from the group of monopolists, the fortunes of whom to-day are so colospurity in his life, from the virile morality, and Christian char- sal as to be a menace and disturbing influence in American acter of the great commoner-William Jennings Bryan. life. Again in this hour against this background of Democracy we TARIFF AND THE FARMER. see the figure of a great party leader, a man of splendid judg There has been a great cry about the Democratic tariff bill ment, rare diplomacy, self-sacrificing qualities, who, in the prep- playing havoc with the farmer, but the Iowa farmer can recall aration of a great tariff bill, set an example for legislation of years under Republican rule in which the prices of his products this character by baring the breast of his own district to the were infinitely less than they are at the present time. Great knife of tariff revision. The history of this administration can stress has been laid upon the importation of Argentine corn, not overlook the work of OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD. but compare the present prices with the prices prevailing last Once more in this hour of Democratic leadership our eyes turn year and recall that the entire output of corn in Argentina durwith affection and pride toward the splendid features of one ing the last year is equal to but one-third of the shortage of whose hair has grown gray in the labor of love for his party and 1913 in the United States as compared with 1912, so if Arits principles; of one who almost touched the presidential chair gentina had sent us her entire crop it would make no appreciin the drama of the Baltimore convention; one whose great, able impression on prices throughout the United States. rugged honesty, sincerity, and integrity of purpose are known And when this bubble was exploded by the actual figures as to every Member of the House of Representatives when they see available in the Department of Agriculture the cry of ruin was stepping up to the chair of that great body the stalwart oak of raised on account of the importation of Argentine beef. As far the Democratic Congress-CHAMP CLARK, of Missouri. as beef is concerned, keep in mind the fact that in the matter of ACHIEVEMENTS OF WILSON. cattle, swine, and sheep, the number of meat animals declined These are men who have hewed to principle. In the same greatly from January 1, 1912, to January 1, 1914, so with this atmosphere and in this same frame of great Democratic figures condition of decrease of meat animals, with the rapid increase there is silhouetted the form and features of a man who in of population, and the present market prices the farmer has no practice has kept the party faith—who in practice has ad-'occasion for alarm on this score, Page 12
manner the natural rights guaranteed to each individual by the organic commission proceeded abroad and investigated the subject in immortality-Great Speeches by Great Lawyers, Baker, Voorhis & Co. European countries, but the House Committee on Banking and May it please your honors: Currency has held a number of hearings for the purpose of I am not afraid that you will underrate the importance of this developing every source of reliable information to be obtained in this country on the subject. That a bill extending to the agri: tions have generally been settled by arms. But since the begin It concerns the rights of the whole people. Such quescultural resident the same generous treatment in matters of finance now enjoyed by his city brother will be brought before ning of the world no battle has ever been lost or won upon the House for consideration at an early date is not to be they are on the result of this argument. The pen that writes which the liberties of a nation were so distinctly staked as doubted. In the Democratic platform will be found the following state- the judgment of the court will be mightier for good or for evil ment relative to vocational education and agricultural teaching: than any sword that ever was wielded by mortal arm. As might be expected from the nature of the subject, it has We recognize the value of vocational education and urge Federal appropriations for such training and extension teaching in agriculture been a good deal discussed elsewhere, in legislative bodies, in in cooperation with the several States. public assemblies, and in the newspaper press of the country. The bills for vocational education are now pending before the But there it has been mingled with interests and feelings not Appropriation Committees of the Senate and the House, where very friendly to a correct conclusion. Here we are in a higher hearings have been in progress on the same. atmosphere, where no passion can disturb the judgment or On January 19, 1914, the House passed the Lever agricultural shake the even balance in which the scales of reason are held. extension act, and on February 7, 1914, the same measure passed Here it is purely a judicial question; and I can speak for my the Senate by acclamation. colleagues as well as myself when I say that we have no thought I could continue through this entire list and show that of to suggest which we do not suppose to be a fair element in the these 20 pledges to the people the Democratic Party has taken strictly legal judgment which you are required to make up. conclusive action in the redemption of 16, and action on the In performing the duty assigned to me in the case, I shall other 4, namely, those relating to campaign contributions, the necessarily refer to the mere rudiments of constitutional law, term of the President, law reform, and the Philippines, are to the most commonplace topics of history, and to those plain now under consideration. For instance, the measure relating rules of justice and right which pervade all our institutions. to campaign contributions has passed the House and is now I beg your honors to believe that this is not done because I before the Senate, while that of law reform, being the codi- | think that the court, or any member of it, is less familiar with fication bill, is under consideration in the House, as is also these things than I am, or less sensible of their value; but the bill relating to the Philippines. These four subjects are simply and only because, according to my view of the subject, of less importance to the people of the United States than the there is absolutely no other way of dealing with it. If the 16 upon which positive action has been taken, and I hope you fundamental principles of American liberty are attacked, and will find before the present Congress finally adjourns that every we are driven behind the inner walls of the Constitution to subject upon which we declared ourselves in the Baltimore con- defend them, we can repel the assault only with those same old vention will have been acted upon in accordance with our weapons which our ancestors used a hundred years ago. You pledges. must not think the worse of our armor because it happens to The best indorsement of our action and evidence that it has be old-fashioned and looks a little rusty from long disuse. merited the approval of the great majority of our people is The case before you presents but a single point, and that an shown by the vote recorded for these measures. Some passed exceedingly plain one. It is not encumbered with any of those by acclamation-by the viva voce votes of Members of Con- vexed questions that might be expected to arise out of a great gress-without a single objection or protest. Others were sup- war. You are not called upon to decide what kind of a rule ported by Members representing the Bull Moose or Republican a military commander may impose upon the inhabitants of a Parties, and there is hardly a measure but which has received hostile country which he occupies as a conqueror, or what the support of Members of other parties as well as our own. punishment he may inflict upon the soldiers of his own army This enduring record of achievement, of promises to the or the followers of his camp; or yet how he may deal with people faithfully kept, is one of which every Åmerican may be civilians in a beleaguered city or other place in a state of justly proud. actual siege, which he is required to defend against a public enemy. This contest covers no such ground as that. The men In Defense of the Right to Trial by Jury-Ex Parte whose acts we complain of erected themselves into a tribunal for the trial and punishment of citizens who were connected in Milligan. no way whatever with the Army or Navy. And this they did in the midst of a community whose social and legal organizaEXTENSION OF REMARKS tion had never been disturbed by any war or insurrection, where the courts were wide open, where judicial process was ов executed every day without interruption, and where all the civil HON. WILLIAM GORDON, authorities, both State and national, were in full exercise of OF OHIO, their functions. My clients were dragged before this strange tribunal, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, after a proceeding, which it would be mere mockery to call a Tuesday, October 6, 1914. trial, they were ordered to be hung. The charge against them was put into writing and is found on this record, but you will Mr. GORDON. Mr. Speaker, under the leave granted to me not be able to decipher its meaning. The relators were not acto extend my remarks in the RECORD, I include a speech of cused of treason; for no act is imputed to them which, if true, Jeremiah s. Black. would come within the definition of that crime. It was not The speech is as follows: conspiracy under the act of 1861, for all concerned in this busiIN DEFENSE OF THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY-Ex PARTE MILLIGAN. ness must have known that conspiracy was not a capital offense. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. If the commissioners were able to read English they could not This defense of the right to trial by jury is a marvelous display help but see that it was made punishable, even by fine and imenduring importance of the subject will renderit interesting as long prisonment, only upon condition that the parties should first as the individual liberty of the citizen shall be preserved as part of the be convicted before a circuit or district court of the United framework of human government. It was delivered during a period of States. The judge advocate must have meant to charge them by the greatest civil war in history had been allayed. It affected the with some offense unknown to the laws, which he chose to destiny of one whose crimes were aimed at the destruction of the Gov- make capital by legislation of his own, and the commissioners ernment itself, and the public desire to see the sentence of the commission execnted was very general. Since the anger and excitement of of the parties made no difference in the case. I do not say, were so profoundly ignorant as to think that the legal innocence case present themselves in their true aspect and importance, the argu- what Sir James Mackintosh said of a similar proceeding, that ment of Judge Black becomes conspicuous as a defense of the dearest the trial was a mere conspiracy to commit willful murder upon mankind will turn in the hour when their rights are assailed. It win three innocent men. The commissioners are not on trial; they be admired by the student as a comprehensive exposition of the funda- are absent and undefended; and they are entitled to the benefit mental principles upon which the law of civil liberty depends, and the of that charity which presumes them to be wholly unacquainted The subject loses the dry, tedious detail of a legal argument, and be with the first principles of natural justice, and quite unable to comes animated with the spirit and genius of the speaker, while pre-comprehend either the law or the facts of a criminal cause. Page 13
prosperity, and before daybreak he will find himself between There is another view of the subject which settles all con- | two dragoons on his way to the mines of Siberia. In Turkey troversy about it. No human being in this country can exer- the verbal order of the Sultan or any of his powerful favorites cise any kind of public authority which is not conferred by law;will cause a man to be tied up in a sack and cast into the and under the United States it must be given by the express Bosphorus. Nero accused Peter and Paul of spreading a “peswords of a written statute. Whatever is not so given is with-tilent superstition," which they called the Gospel. He heard held, and the exercise of it is positively prohibited. Courts- their defense in person, and sent them to the cross. Afterwards martial in the Army and Navy are authorized; they are legal he tried the whole Christian church in one body, on a charge institutions; their jurisdiction is limited, and their whole code of setting fire to the city, and he convicted them, though he of procedure is regulated by act of Congress. Upon the civil knew not only that they were innocent but that he himself courts all the jurisdiction they have or can have is bestowed had committed the crime. had committed the crime. The judgment was followed by inby law; and if one of them goes beyond what is written, its stant execution; he let loose the Prætorian guards upon men, action is ultra vires and void. But a military commission is women, and children, to drown, butcher, and burn them. Herod not a court-martial, and it is not a civil court. It is not gov- saw fit, for good political reasons, closely affecting the pererned by the law which is made for either, and has no law of manence of his reign in Judea, to punish certain possible its own. Within the last five years we have seen, for the first traitors in Bethlehem by anticipation. This required the death time, self-constituted tribunals not only assuming power which of all the children in that city under two years of age. IIe the law did not give them, but thrusting aside the regular issued his “ general order"; and his provost marshal carried it courts to which the power was exclusively given. out with so much alacrity and zeal that in one day the whole What is the consequence? This terrible authority is wholly land was filled with mourning and lamentation. undefined, and its exercise is without any legal control. Un- Macbeth understood the whole philosophy of the subject. He delegated power is always unlimited. The field that lies outside was an unlimited monarch. His power to punish for any ofof the Constitution and laws has no boundary. Thierry, the fense or for no offense at all was as broad as that which the French historian of England, says that when the crown and Attorney General claims for himself and his brother officers scepter were offered to Cromwell he hesitated for several days, under the United States. But he was more cautious how he and answered, “Do not make me a king; for then my hands used it. He had a dangerous rival, from whom he apprehended will be tied up by the laws which define the duties of that office; the most serious peril to the “life of his government." The but make me protector of the commonwealth, and I can do necessity to get rid of him was plain enough, but he could not what I please; no statute restraining and limiting the royal afford to shock the moral sense of the world by pleading politiprerogative will apply to me.” So these commissions have no cal necessity for a murder. He mustlegal origin and no legal name by which they are known among Mask the business from the common eye. the children of men; no law applies to them; and they exercise Accordingly he sent for two enterprising gentlemen, whom all power for the paradoxical reason that none belongs to them he took into his service upon liberal pay—“ made love to their rightfully. assistance"-and got them to deal with the accused party. He Ask the Attorney General what rules apply to military com- acted as his own judge advocate. He made a most elegant missions in the exercise of their assumed authority over and stirring speech to persuade his agents that Banquo was civilians. Come, Mr. Attorney, “gird up thy loins now like a man; I will demand of thee, and thou shalt declare unto me if he ought to die for that alone. When they agreed that he was their oppressor, and had “held them so under fortune” that thou' hast understanding.” How is a military commission or their enemy, then said the king: ganized? What shall be the number and rank of its members? What offenses come within its jurisdiction? What is its code So is he mine, and though I could With barefaced power sweep him from my sight of procedure? How shall witnesses be compelled to attend it? And bid my will avouch it; yet I must not, Is it perjury for a witness to swear falsely? What is the func For certain friends, who are both his and mine, Whose loves I may not drop. tion of the Judge Advocate? Does he tell the members how they must find, or does he only persuade them to convict? Is For these, and “ many weighty reasons” besides, he thought he the agent of the Government, to command them what evi- it best to commit the execution of his design to a subordinate dence they shall admit and what sentence they shall pronounce; agency. The commission thus organized in Banquo's case sat or does he always carry his point, right or wrong, by the mere upon him that very night, at a convenient place beside the road force of eloquence and ingenuity? What is the nature of their where it was known he would be traveling; and they did prepunishment? May they confiscate property and levy fines as cisely what the Attorney General says the military officers may well as imprison and kill? In addition to strangling their vic- do in this country—they took and killed him, because their tim, may they also deny him the last consolations of religion, employer at the head of the government wanted it done, and and refuse his family the melancholy privilege of giving him a paid them for doing it out of the public treasury. decent grave? But of all the persons that ever wielded this kind of power, To none of these questions can the Attorney General make a the one who went most directly to the purpose and object of it reply, for there is no law on the subject. He will not attempt was Lola Montez. She reduced it to the elementary principle. to “darken counsel by words without knowledge," and there- In 1848, when she was minister and mistress to the King of fore, like Job, he can only lay his hand upon his mouth and Bavaria, she dictated all the measures of the Government. The keep silent. times were troublesome. All over Germany the spirit of reThe power exercised through those military commissions is bellion was rising; everywhere the people wanted to see a firstnot only unregulated by law, but it is incapable of being so class revolution, like that which had just exploded in France. regulated. What is it that you claim, Mr. Attorney? I will Many persons in Bavaria disliked to be governed so absolutely give you a definition, the correctness of which you will not at- by a lady of the character which Lola Montez bore, and some of tempt to gainsay. You assert the right of the Executive Gov- them were rash enough to say so. Of course that was treason, ernment, without the intervention of the judiciary, to capture, and she went about to punish it in the simplest of all possible imprison, and kill any person to whom that Government or its ways. She bought herself a pack of English · bulldogs, trained paid dependents may choose to impute an offense. This, in its to tear the flesh, and mangle the limbs, and lap the lifeblood; very essence, is despotic and lawless. It is never claimed or and with these dogs at her heels, she marched up and down the tolerated except by those governments which deny the restraints streets of Munich with a most majestic tread, and with a sense of all law. It has been exercised by the great and small op- of power which any Judge Advocate in America might envy. pressors of mankind ever since the days of Nimrod. It operates When she saw any person whom she chose to denounce for in different ways; the tools it uses are not always the same; it " thwarting the Government,” or “using disloyal language,” hides its hideous features under many disguises; it assumes her obedient followers needed but a sign to make them spring every variety of form; at the throat of their victim. It gives me unspeakable pleasure It can change shapes with Proteus for advantages, to tell you the sequel. The people rose in their strength, And set the murderous Machiavel to school. smashed down the whole machinery of oppression, and drove But in all its mutations of outward appearance it is still out into uttermost shame King, strumpet, dogs, and all. From identical in principle, object, and origin. It is always the same that time to this neither man, woman, or beast, has dared to great engine of despotism which Hamilton described it to be. worry or kill the people of Bavaria. Under the old French monarchy the favorite fashion of it All these are but so many different ways of using the arbiwas a lettre de cachet, signed by the king, and this would con- trary power to punish. The variety is merely in the means sign the party to a loathsome dungeon until he died, forgotten 'which a tyrannical government takes to destroy those whom it Page 14
Whereas a stopwatch is used in timing workmen while at work to Island Arsenal are pow producing war materials 35 per cent below the ascertain the maximum amount of work possible for the most capable prices Gen. Crozier is paying outside private manufacturers, thus saving man in a given time and making this the “ standard time" in which the Government hundreds of thousands of dollars annually by their work must be done, and by a system of premiums and bonuses, to present efficiency, that Gen. Crozier is not justified in installing the gether with disciplinary measures sufficiently severe to enforce the stop, watch and other speeding-up” processes to force the men to system, this “ standard time” is the speed to which all workmen must work still faster. He declared the same is true of the efficiency of the eventually attain if they are to retain their employment; and workmen at the Frankford Arsenal and all the arsenals, and produced Whereas experience has shown that the American workman by his ex- figures showing the cost of various articles in the arsenals and showing ceptional celerity performs about twice the work performed by the the prices being paid private manufacturers for the same articles. manual worker of other countries, with the concomitant condition that the ratio of accidents here is from three to four times as high GOVERNMENT PRODUCT NOW CHEAPER THAN PRIVATE. as in other countries, and the tendency of so-called “scientific man- Reading from a table prepared by Col. George Montgomery, comagement," through the above timing and bonus features, will be to mandant of the Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Mr. TAVENNER made further aggravate the accident disabilities and mortality aforesaid the following specific comparisons: and reduce the workman to a mere mechanical, instead of a social That the workmen at the Frankford Arsenal are producing a 3-inch and moral, relation to his work, and, moreover, are unnecessary to finished shrapnel case for $1.75 that the Government is paying private secure adequate efficiency of labor : Therefore manufacturers $3.06 for. Be it enacted, etc., That it shall be unlawful for any officer, manager, That 3.8-inch common shrapnel are being produced for $7.94 in the superintendent, foreman, or other person having charge of the work Government arsenal, while the Government is paying the private manuof any employee of the United States Government to make or cause to facturers $17.50 for the same article. And so on. be made, with a stopwatch or other time-measuring device, a time On a contract of $1,900,064.05 worth of such work manufactured study of the movements between the starting and completion of any job at the Frankford Arsenal, Mr. TAVÈNNER showed the Government of any such employee. paid to any employee, except for suggestions resulting in improvement a $2,000,000 order. He made the point that these figures tended to or economy in the operation of the plant in which he is employed. show that the workmen in the Government arsenals are now efficient, Sec. 2. That any violations of the provisions of this act shall be and do not deserve having, imposed upon them speeding-up processes deemed a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not more compelling them to work still faster than they are now working than $500 or by imprisonment of not more than six months, at the LEGISLATION BENEFICIAL TO LABOR. discretion of the court. Mr. Speaker, I believe I am justified in taking some pride in In addition to the friendly attitude the Democratic House has the official report of the committee, which condemns the Taylor taken toward the policy of Government manufacture of munipropaganda, a cruel system based on the scientific grinding tions of war, and the bill prohibiting the use of the Taylor down of the spirit, the hopes, and the ambitions, as well as the system in Government arsenals, considerable other legislation physical bodies, of those who toil, because this report sustains beneficial to labor has been passed. A bill of considerable impractically every charge I have made against the Taylor system portance to labor is the Clayton antitrust bill, which passed the during the three and a half years I have been opposing it. In House by a vote of 297 to 54, and which protects the rights, this connection I desire to quote the following from the report existence, and operations of fraternal, labor, and farmers' orof the committee: ganizations, the famous anti-injunction provision of which is as follows: The Taylor system may be divided under three headings-standardization, systematization, and stimulation. The pending legislation SEC. 7. That nothing contained in the antitrust laws shall be condoes not seek to interfere in any way with standardization or systema- strued to forbid the existence and operation of fraternal, labor, contization, but is intended to eliminate the more obnoxious phases of sumers', agricultural, or horticultural organizations, orders, or associa: stimulation, in so far as Government workshops are concerned. tions instituted for the purpose of mutual help, and not having capital The Taylor system regards the workman as a machine to be “ speeded or conducted for profit, or to forbid or restrain individual members of up” to its maximum capacity. When this human machine fails to func- such organizations, orders, or associations from carrying out the legitition to the satisfaction of the management it is to be cast aside to mate objects thereof, nor shall such organizations, orders, or associamake room for a new machine-a fresh workman. The authors of the tions, or the members thereof, be held or construed to be an illegal corsystem do not appear to have concerned themselves about the ultimate poration or a conspiracy in restraint of trade under the antitrust laws. fate of the human derelicts who may be compelled to drop out because they can not stand_the pace. Mr. Taylor boasts that when he installed Mr. Speaker, the House exempted labor and farmers' organihis system in the Bethlehem Steel Works he purposely made the tasks zations from the provisions of the trust laws simply because it so hard that “not more than one out of five laborers (perhaps even a refused to consider human brawn and brain in the same class smaller percentage than this) could keep up." The bill aims to prevent the That may be the kind of efficiency" which produces dividends for with steel rails and coal oil. the Steel Trust, but it is surely not the system which a beneficent Gov- restraint of trade in oil, steel, and other commodities. But ernment should force upon its employees. labor is something different than a steel rail. In a rail there is The promoters of these various system of “scientific management are making a determined effort to have them generally adopted by large bound up no man's welfare. But in the labor of the millions manufacturing concerns, and labor, both organized and unorganized, is there is included the hopes and happiness of the masses who most insistent in its opposition. It can be readily seen that the advo- toil and those who depend on the toilers. cates of the stop-watch system would have won a signal victory if they were in a position to say, “ The United States Government has installed Representative LEWIS of Maryland called section 7 the magna this system in its workshops. It can not be inhumane or the Federal charta of labor. He said: authorities would not have adopted it." The committee does not believe such an indorsement should be given a species of class legislation. They commit the error of considering Some honest people are inclined to think that this section may mean to a system which is so inimical to the best interests of the tollers of labor as a commodity. But there is this distinction between labor and the Nation. a barrel of oil, a commodity : The protest against these "systems" originally came from the employees of the arsenals under the War Department, when it was prostitutions be property, either before the court or before the legislature. Labor is never in truth a commodity ; labor can never under our inposed to introduce the Taylor system into these establishments. The Under our Constitution property in human beings has forever ceased. protest was unheeded by the oficials of the Ordnance Department at that time, and the system was gradually introduced. While a barrel of oil is not only a commodity in the market, it is a entire system is now in operation at the Watertown Arsenal, and the The legal attribute of a commodity is property, but the legal attribute Practically the commodity before the courts, it is a commodity before the legislature. features least objected to by the employees are in operation at some of of the workingman is citizenship: A different principle of sociology the other arsenals. From present indications it still appears to be the and justice apply to these two subjects when they are before Congress intention of the officials of the Ordnance Department to extend the or before the courts. The rules that are rationally applicable to propTaylor system to the other arsenals at an opportune time, the opposition to this system by the laboring people in general has erty can seldom be justly applied to the man. made it impractical to apply the system in as drastic a manner as its FINLY GRAY'S ELOQUENT APPEAL ON BEHALF OF LABOR. authors, evidently contemplated; but the machinery for oppression is latent in the system, and is regarded by the workmen as an ever Congressman FINLY GRAY, of Indiana, also gave an eloquent present menace to them and furnishing a reason for their apprehension explanation of the principle of humanity underlying the exof what is to come. The Committee on Labor has concluded that an employer who is emption of labor and farmers' organizations from the provisatisfied with a normal and reasonable day's work does not need to sions of the antitrust bill. FINLY GRAY is one of the clearest use a stop-watch time study on his employees to ascertain what should thinkers in the American Congress. Physically he is tall and sufficient as a spur to the activities of the workmen without resorting gaunt and old-fashioned, and as he sits among the modern, to further high-pressure methods to induce intensive production. present-day type of statesmen on the floor of the House he is a THE “ SYSTEM” IS BEING FORCED IN. character study who will attract the visitor's attention. One The moving spirit behind the plan to install the Taylor system in can hardly help imagining that he has just stepped out of an the Government arsenals appears to be Brig. Gen. William Crozier, American Congress of 100 years ago. Chief of Ordnance of the War Department, who has jurisdiction over all of the Government arsenals. Gen. Crozier appears to be deter FINLY GRAY is in many respects a strange and unusual man. mined to install the stop watch and other objectionable speeding-up a genius in every sense of the word. He usually keeps his own features of the Taylor system in the arsenals in spite of the protests of counsel, and he has his peculiarities, one of which is that the methods by the special committee of the House of Representatives burdens of the masses of the people lay heavy upon his heart. which investigated the subject during the preceding Congress. When he speaks, he speaks as one inspired, and his remarrks in This officer appeared before the committee and spoke in favor of the RECORD the following morning are literature. the use of the stop watch and the Taylor system; and there appears to be every reason to believe that unless Congress passes legislation I know FINLY GRAY, and I consider him one of the most sinabsolutely prohibiting the use of such methods in the Government cere and gifted friends the plain people have in public life establishments that Gen. Crozier will proceed with the extension of to-day. the system, not only at Watertown and Rock Island, but in all the manufacturing establishments of the Government within his domain. When the proposition to make labor unions immune from Representative CLYDE H. TAVENNER, of Illinois, representing the prosecution under the antitrust law was being debated, FINLY appeared before the committee in opposition to the attitude of Gen: I GRAY sat listening to the arguments being advanced by various Crozier and contended that, inasmuch as the workmen at the Rock Members as to why the measure should be enacted into law. Gray listened carefully to every explanation offered. Finally safety, efficiency, and economy in the mining industry and safehe turned to a Member at his side and said: Page 15
to make, these goods in this country to shut down or curtail measures, shall be enacted into law. measures, shall be enacted into law. And the State Departtheir output to such an extent as to deprive thousands of men ment has negotiated a treaty with the Republic of Colombia, of employment or compel them to work short time or at reduced which the President of the United States has approved and recwages. A tariff law which imposes duties which are not high ommended to the Senate, providing for payment of $25,000,000 enough properly to protect American producers may yield large to that Republic as a balm to its injured feelings growing out revenue by inviting foreign producers to enter our markets, of the organizing of the Republic of Panama and the acquisition but, as they absorb our markets, they destroy or seriously em- by the United States of the Canal Zone over or through which barrass producers of our own country. Under such a law as the Panama Canal has been constructed. And another treaty the Underwood law the greater the revenue the greater the em- has been negotiated with Nicaragua, approved by the President barrassment of home producers. and urged by him for approval by the Senate, providing for Large revenues have been collected under the Underwood law, payment to that country of $3,000,000. If these measures are but appropriations for which they are to be used are more than passed, the appropriations or obligations of the Government $93,000,000 more than during the last year of Republican ad- will be increased by the sum of $68,000,000, and if the adminministration, and even if customs duties had not been reduced istration is extravagant enough to use all of the money it has by war it would have been necessary to meet expenditures either demanded and which has been placed at its disposal by Conby sale of bonds, as is usual under Democratic administrations, gress, the deficit for this fiscal year will be $161,055,777.26. or by special taxes, as is being done now. The predicament in which the Democratic Party is placed on As proof of the assertion that appropriations largely exceed account of these immense appropriations would be amusing if the revenues which can possibly be collected, I call attention to it were not so serious, in view of the bitter denunciation of the following statement of actual appropriations and estimated Republican administrations by Democratic platforms and of receipts for this year: loud and persistent promises of Democratic economy. In the APPROPRIATIONS. light of present conditions, it is interesting to read the “econAgriculture.$19, 865, 832.00 omy" paragraphs of Democratic national platforms. The DemoArmy 101, 019, 212, 50 cratic platform of 1908 said: Diplomatic and Consular. 4, 309, 856. 66 District of Columbia_ 12, 172, 539. 49 The Republican Congress in the session just ended made appropriaFortifications 6, 627, 700.00 tions amounting to $1,008,000,000. * * We denounce the needless Indian affairs. 9, 771, 902. 76 waste of the people's money, which has resulted in the appalling inLegislative, executive, and judicial 37, 630, 229. 70 crease, as a shameful violation of all prudent considerations of governMilitary Academy 997, 899. 54 ment and as no less than a crime against the millions of working men Navy -144, 868, 716. 61 and women, from whose earnings the great proportion of these colossal Pensions 169, 150, 000.00 sums must be extorted through excessive tariff exactions and other Post Office 313, 364, 667.00 indirect methods. We demand that stop be put to this frightSundry civil. 110, 070, 227. 39 ful extravagance, and insist upon the strictest economy in every departUrgent deficiency. 17, 462, 457.78 ment compatible with frugal and efficient administration: Deficiency 5, 901, 128. 83 Miscellaneous 6, 000, 000.00 The platform of 1912 said: Permanent annual ---131, 196, 407.00 We denounce the profligate waste of the money wrung from the Rivers and harbors 20, 000, 000.00 people by oppressive taxation through the lavish appropriations of the War risk insurance 5, 100, 000.00 recent Republican Congresses, which have kept taxes high and reduced For assistance to Americans in the purchasing power of the people's toil. We demand a return to that Europe-1,000,000.00 simplicity and economy which befits a democratic Government and a $1, 120, 508, 777. 26 reduction in the number of useless offices, the salaries of which drain RECEIPTS (ESTIMATED). the substance of the people. Customs receipts 261, 840, 000.00 In a speech delivered in the House April 10, 1914, Mr. FitzOrdinary, internal revenue 308, 613,000.00 Corporation and income taxes (if GERALD, Democrat, chairman of the Appropriations Committee, business is good)78,000,000.00 said: Postal receipts --308,000,000.00 Whenever I think of the horrible mess I shall be called upon to Miscellaneous receipts.71, 000, 000.00 present to the country on behalf of the Democratic Party, I am tempted 1,027, 453, 000.00 to quit my place. I am looking now at Democrats who seem to take Deficit amusement in soliciting votes on the floor of this House to overturn 93, 055, 777. 26 the Committee on Appropriations in its efforts to carry out the pledges The above statement as to receipts is, of course, only an esti- of the Democratic platform. They seem to take it to be a huge joke mate, but it is prepared by reliable, if not official, authority. In not to obey their platform and to make ridiculous the efforts of the members of our party who do try to live up to promises they made to a speech in the House September 12, 1914, Hon. JOHN J. FITZ- the people. They have unnecessarily piled up the public exGERALD, Democrat, chairman of the Committee on Appropria-penditures until the Democratic Party is becoming the laughingstock tions, gave the estimated receipts as $1,036,000,000, only $8,547,- | and improvident appropriations. Do not continue to vote for these improper Those who propose to continue to 000 more than the above estimate. do so should at least have the courage openly to assert upon the floor All estimates of receipts for this fiscal year were prepared Party have not been made in good faith, that they can not be carried before the war in Europe began, and therefore may be taken out, and that we are not entitled to power because of those professions. as the normal receipts of the year. The total receipts of last year, as reported by the Secretary of the Treasury July 2, 1914, In April, Mr. SISSON, of Mississippi, Democrat, member of were not including postal receipts—$734,343,700.20; but in’ | the Committee on Appropriations, said: cluded in this sum was $12,500,000 received on the sale of two This is the most outrageous and criminally extravagant Congress that of our battleships to Greece and also the sum of $3,800,000 sur ever sat on the American Continent. I want to apologize to the Repub licans for having called them extravagant when they were in control plus postal receipts turned over by the last Republican Postmas- of the House. They were modest in comparison with the appropriations ter General. If we deduct these receipts and add the amount of that we are now making. postal receipts estimated by Mr. FITZGERALD-$308,000,000_we These are not Republican professions or promises of economy have $1,026,043,700, which is $1,410,000 less than the estimate I in the administration of government, nor have these criticisms have given and only $10,000,000 less than is estimated by Mr. been passed upon the present Democratic Congress by RepubFITZGERALD. lican Members. The promises of economy were a part of the Appropriations reach the enormous sum of $1,120,508,777.26, platform on which the candidates of the Democratic Party ran which is $93,825,895.54 more than the sum appropriated by the and are, or were supposed to be, the tenets of their faith in the last Congress while Republicans were in control of the Govern- matter of public expenditures. The speeches criticizing the ment; and this excessive appropriation has been made, although Democratic majority were made by two prominent members of only $21,000,000 is appropriated this year for the Panama Canal, that party, one the chairman and the other a prominent memwhereas under Republican rule it was necessary to appropriate ber of the Committee on Appropriations of the House. It is as high as $48,000,000 for this purpose in a single year, and certainly not necessary for me to say anything myself or to although it is necessary this year to appropriate $11,150,000 less offer further testimony in support of the charge that approprifor pensions than last year. ations made at this session of Congress are very large, that In addition to appropriations actually made, and as indi- they show inexcusable extravagance, especially at a time when cating the attitude of the entire Democratic administration in the revenues of the Government are threatened and when the making and demanding appropriations regardless of the revenue Administration is demanding collection of additional revenue of the Government, attention is called to the fact that the by way of special internal-revenue taxes. administration has approved and is demanding early passage But now, notwithstanding the statements I have made as to of the bill (H. R. 18666) to provide $40,000,000-$10,000,000 in the revenues for this fiscal year and as to immense appropriacash and $30,000,000 in bonds to enable the Federal Govern- tions which apparently can not be met without an issue of bonds ment to “ purchase, construct, equip, maintain, and operate mer- or special taxes, I wish, in good faith, to submit that there is, chant vessels in the foreign trade of the United States.” Only and during this fiscal year will be, no good reason for permitting a few days ago the President announced that he would not per- a deficit to arise which can not be met without the passage of mit Congress to adjourn until this shipping bill, one of his pet this war-tax bill. Page 16
report should not be adopted and why instead we should still The Treasury itself could get along for a considerable period, no rely upon the tenets of the Sherman antitrust law has been a doubt, without immediate resort to new sources of taxation. But at what cost to the business of the community? Approximately $75,000,weak and pitiable plea. 000, a large part of the present Treasury balance, is now on deposit In preparing legislation, it is our duty to prepare it with a with national banks distributed throughout the country. It is deposview to give legal right to the people or grant relief, as the case ited, of course, on call. I need not point out to you what the probable consequences of inconvenience and distress and confusion would be if may be. This section that relates to right of trial by jury in all the diminishing income of the Treasury should make it necessary rapcases of contempt not committed in the presence of the court idly to withdraw these deposits. And yet without additional revenue grants both a right and relief that people of this country have that plainly might become necessary, and the time when it became necessary could not be controlled or determined by the convenience of long contended for. This is especially true with the laborers. the business of the country. It would have to be determined by the When this provision of this bill is made the law of the land operations and necessities of the Treasury itself. Such risks are not there will be no more long-drawn-out cases in court, such as the carefully safeguard a financial situation which is at best, while war We can not too scrupulously or one against Samuel Gompers, John Mitchell, and Frank Morri- continues in Europe, difficult and abnormal. Hesitation and delay are son, unless there is first obtained a verdict of a jury of their the worst forms of bad policy under such conditions. countrymen. And we ought not to borrow. We ought to resort to taxation, how ever we may regret the necessity of putting additional temporary burThis is one of the most salutary and remedial pieces of legis- dens on our people. To sell bonds would be to make a most untimely lation in the interest of the common man and his cause that and unjustifiable demand on the money market ; untimely, because this has ever been enacted into law. is manifestly not the time to withdraw working capital from other uses to pay the Government's bills; unjustifiable, because unnecessary. The The day this bill is signed by President Wilson will mark one country is able to pay any just and reasonable taxes withoạt distress. of the most glittering milestones in all the history of labor And to every other form of borrowing, whether for long periods or for progress in this country. The mentioning of this date should be short, there is the same objection. These are not the circumstances, this is at this particular moment and in this particular exigency not the a signal for applause by all United Mine Workers and all trade market, to borrow large sums of money, What we are seeking is to unionists in this Nation, ease and assist every financial transaction, not to add a single additional It will be one of the last acts passed by this long and arduous embarrrassment to the situation, The people of this country are both intelligent and profoundly patriotic. They are ready to meet the pressession of Congress and is a most fitting capsheath for all the ent conditions in the right way and to support the Government with important labor legislation of this and all other Congresses. generous self-denial. They know and understand, and will be intolerant Labor is not a commodity to be dealt in like corn and wheat only of those who dodge responsibility or are not frank with them. or dry goods and groceries. It is a human right and necessity. it. But it is here. It affects us as directly and palpably almost as if We can perform no greater good than to legislate for humanity we were participants in the circumstances which gave rise to it. We and its rights. To my mind no cause is greater than the cause must accept the inevitable with calm judgment and unruffled spirits, like men accustomed to deal with the unexpected, habituated to take of men, women, and children. I am glad that I am here and care of themselves, masters of their own affairs and their own fortunes. have the privilege of giving this measure my hearty support. We shall pay the bill, though we did not deliberately incur it, In order to meet every demand upon the Treasury without delay or peradventure, and in order to keep the Treasury strong, unquestionably strong, and strong throughout the present anxieties, I respectfully urge A Review of the Democratic Record in Congress-A Record that an additional revenue of $100,000,000 be raised through internal taxes devised in your wisdom to meet the emergency. The only suggesof Achievement. tion I take the liberty of making is that such sources of revenue be chosen as will begin to yield at once and yield with a certain and constant flow. I can not close without expressing the confidence with which I apEXTENSION OF REMARKS proach a Congress, with regard to this or any other matter, which has shown so untiring a devotion to public duty, which has responded to the needs of the Nation throughout a long season despite inevitable OF fatigue and personal sacrifice, and so large a proportion of whose Mem bers have devoted their whole time and energy to the business of the HON. WILLIAM L. IGOE, country. OF MISSOURI; Shortly after the President made this appeal the Republican Members of this House, in conference, declared against any IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, revenue bill, and, according to newspaper accounts, every Mem ber present announced that he would oppose such a bill. In Thursday, October 8, 1914. debate the Republican leaders have sought to make the measure Mr. IGOE. Mr. Speaker, the Republican leaders in Congress, a vehicle for a political discussion, hoping thereby to distract being hard pressed for a political issue, have seized upon the the attention of the people from the great work of the adminnecessity for raising additional revenue as affording the last istration, and to pass over the great work of this and the preand only possible chance for an appeal for sufficient votes to ceding Democratic House. They have not discussed and conreturn the Republican Party to power in the coming election. sidered the bill as statesmen, but as politicians anxious for a The President of the United States, who is honored, re return to power and eager to elect a sufficient number of Memspected, and admired by the American people, regardless of bers of Congress in order to hamper and embarrass the Presiparty, made an appeal to this Congress on September 4, 1914, dent and his administration during the next two years. They for the immediate enactment of legislation that would provide hope the people will forget the iniquities of the Payne-Aldrich for the raising of additional revenue to make up for the reluctariff; they hope the people will not realize that if the Repubtion of customs receipts caused by the disturbed conditions lican Party has a majority in the next House that a host of resulting from the war in Europe. stand-pat Republicans, who were voted out of office, will reThe President's message is as follows: turn to hamper a great, progressive administration. During Gentlemen of the Congress, I come to you to-day to discharge a duty the debate upon the bill the orators upon the Republican side which I wish with all my heart I might have been spared; but it is paid a high tribute to the Payne-Aldrich bill, which but four a duty which is very clear, and, therefore, I perform it without hesita- years and two years ago was so overwhelmingly repudiated by: tion or apology. I come to ask very earnestly that additional revenue the American people. The Republican Members seem to have be provided for the Government, During the month of August there was, as compared with the cor- forgotten that rebuke. The gentleman from New York [Mr. responding month of last year, a falling off of $10,629,538 in the PAYNE), who led the fight against this legislation asked by the the same proportion throughout the current fiscal year would probably and seems to be regarded by them as the man who will lead revenues collected from customs. A continuation of this decrease in President, was vigorously applauded on the Republican side, mean a loss of customs revenues of from sixty to one hundred millions. I need not tell you to what this falling of is due. It is due in chief them out of the political wilderness. They are hard pressed part not to the reductions recently made in the customs duties, but to indeed for a political issue when they find themselves compelled the great decrease in importations, and that is due to the extraordinary extent of the industrial area affected by the present war in to rally around the standard held aloft by the same standpatEurope. Conditions have arisen which no man foresaw, they affect the ters whose policies were not only overwhelmingly repudiated whole world of commerce and economic production, and they must be by the voters of the country but whose course for the last few faced and dealt with. It would be very unwise to postpone dealing with them. Delay in years their party was in power was such as to disgust a masuch a matter and in the particular circumstances in which we now jority of the Republican Party and to cause a political revolufind ourselves as a nation might involve consequences of the most tion in their own ranks. embarrassing and deplorable sort, for which I, for one, would not care to be responsible. It would be very dangerous in the present circum Notwithstanding that an election is at hand, the Democrats stances to create a momeňt's doubt as to the strength and sufficiency in this Congress will place patriotism and duty above mere of the Treasury of the United States, its ability to assist, to steady, political expediency and will pass the revenue bill which the and sustain the financial operations of the country's business. If the Treasury is known, or even thought, to be weak, where will be our President says is so necessary for the industrial and financial be chilled and demoralized. Just now the peculiarly difficult financial record of the Republican Party and await with confidence the peace of mind? The whole industrial activity of the country would stability of the Nation. We will submit our record against the self-possession and good sense and very sound judgment, but they are judgment of the voters. only in process of being worked out. If the process of solution is to THE TARIFF. . be completed, no one must be given reason to doubt the solidity and adequacy of the Treasury of the Government which stands behind the The Democratic Party had shown the country, through the whole method by, which our difficulties are being met and handlede legislation passed by the Democratic House elected in 1910, that Page 17
program. This law establishes a competitive tariff system in Department of Agriculture $1, 642, 000 lieu of the Republican protective tariff system, and represents Interior Department (excluding pensions and Indians) 906, 000 for the first time in the history of tariff making during the Independent offices and commissions 148, 000 381, 000 last 50 years a revenue measure drafted by the representatives District of Columbia 149, 000 of the people rather than by the representatives of privilege, Total.--in the interest of the consumers rather than in the interest of 25, 239, 000 The following departments were able to reduce expenditures the protected few. This measure eliminates the inequalities and abuses of the for the fiscal year 1914 below their expenditures for the pre ceding year: past systems of tariff taxation, reduces the customs rates to a sound revenue basis, places maximum rates on luxuries and mini- Treasury Department, expenditures on public buildings. $3, 180, 000 227,000 mum lates, or none at all, on the necessaries of life, and levies Besides reducing expenditures the Post Office Departan income tax to equalize the tax burden and to give elasticity ment wiped out a deficit of--Interior Department: 1,027, 000 and productiveness to our revenue system and to make up the Pensions loss in revenue caused by the reduction in tariff duties. 1,993, 000 Indians 57, 000 163, 000 Interest on the public debt. 35, 000 When the tariff law was written the committee estimated that the customs receipts for the first fiscal year under the new law Total.- 6, 682, 000 would amount to $270,000,000. This estimate was reached on The Panama Canal payments during the fiscal year just June 2, and the return for the remainder of the month brought closed amounted to $34,827,000. These payments were made the customs receipts for the fiscal year up to $292,000,000, or from the current revenues, so that the surplus for the year $22,000,000 in excess of the estimates. The last year the Payne over ordinary expenditures of $33,784,000 was absorbed, leaving law was in operation the customs receipts amounted to $318,- the sum of $1,010,000 as a charge against the general fund of the 000,000. The falling off in customs duties under the present Treasury. The following table shows the ordinary receipts and law amounts to the difference between $318,000,000 and $292,- disbursements, including Panama Canal expenditures, for the 000,000, or $26,000,000. Of course, we expected a falling off in fiscal years 1912, 1913, and 1914: the receipts from customs dues, for if we had not we would not Table showing the ordinary receipts and disbursements, including have proposed the income tax. Panama Canal cxpenditures, for the fiscal years 1912, 1913, and 1914. The Treasury Department estimated that the corporation and income tax would yield $95,000,000 during the fiscal year end Year. Disburseing June 30, 1914. The returns from the corporation and in Receipts. Panama Surplus. ments. Surplus or Canal. deficit. come tax only amounted to $71,386,156.13. Of this amount the corporation tax returns amounted to $43,079,819,44 and the re 1912.. turn from the tax on individuals amounted to $28,306,336.69. 1913 $691,778, 465 $654, 553,963 $37, 224, 501 $35, 327, 370 $1,897, 131 724, 111, 229 682, 770, 705 41, 340, 524 41, 741, 258 2 400, 733 Owing to the provision in the income-tax law permitting pay- 1914. 734, 343, 700 700,559, 248 33, 784, 452 34, 826, 941 21,010, 058 ment within 10 days after the close of the fiscal year before penalties attach, there was a failure to pay $5,240,108.83 of 1 Surplus. 2 Deficit. taxes which had been assessed against corporations and indi OUR EXPORTS, viduals, and which should have been paid before the close of the fiscal year 1914. Had this amount been paid, the income tax on 579,148, and placed the fiscal year 1914 in second place as show Our exports for the fiscal year just closed were $2,364,corporations and individuals would have yielded $76,626, 264.96 ing the greatest exports for any year in the Nation's history The income-tax returns for the fiscal year were $71,000,000, which was $24,000,000 under the estimate of the Treasury De with the exception of 1913, when the exports were $2,465,884,149. partment. This amount was more than made up by the excess The falling off in exports is largely accounted for by the Thus the exports for 1914 show a falling off of $101,305,001. of customs receipts over estimates of $22,000,000 and by the decreased exportation of breadstuffs, amounting to $45,795,954. excess of miscellaneous receipts over estimates of $3,000,000. The income tax in its operation applied to the last 10 months of in the exports of breadstuffs, and for this decrease in bread 45 of the calendar year 1913, but it must be borne in mind that a large proportion of incomes upon which no collection of tax stuffs lessened exports of barley, corn, and oats account for a could be made accrued and were payable in the months of Janu- decline of $41,399,926. There was in addition to the decrease semiannual incomes payable in January and July only applied 689.747. Thus the short yield of the barley, corn, and oat crops ary and February of 1913. The income tax assessinent upon in breadstuffs a decrease in the exports of cottonseed oil of 52 months in 1913 to all quarterly incomes payable in January, 1914 in second place in the Nation's export history. The law applied only seven in 1913 was one of the chief factors in placing the exports of July, and October. So it is fair to say that the entire incometax rates really applied to these large classes of income during over exports since April. One has only to turn back to the first Much has been said about there being some excess of imports one-half of the year available in which to collect the tax. year the Payne law was in operation to find that the same condiTHE REVENUE. tion existed. These temporary fluctuations signify nothing The Government receipts from all sources, not including the with respect to the operations of a tariff law. postal receipts, for the fiscal year just closed amounted to The following table shows the exports of domestic and $734,000,000, as compared with $724,000,000 for the previous | foreign merchandise for the fiscal years 1898 and 1914 : year. From customs we received $292,000,000; ordinary in Exports of merchandise, fiscal year's 1898 to 1914. ternal revenue, which includes the receipts from the taxes on spirits, tobacco, fermented liquors, oleomargarine, adulterated [Compiled from the reports of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce.] and renovated butter, filled cheese, mixed flour, and playing cards, yielded $309,000,000; the corporation and income tax, Exports of merchandise. $71,000,000; and all other receipts, $62,000,000. THE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES. Year. The ordinary disbursements for the fiscal year 1914 amounted Domestic. Foreign. Total. to $701,000,000, as compared with $683,000,000 for the preceding year, or an increase of $18,000,000. This increase in expendi- 1898. Page 18
Estimated falling off in customs revenue during the next 12 months OUR REFORM LEGISLATION SUPPORTED BY REPUBLICANS AND PROGRESSIVES. because of the European war. There are now 285 Democrats in the House of Representa tives, 123 Republicans, 2 Progressive Republicans, 18 ProgresEstimated sives, 1 independent, and 6 vacancies. The Democratic maDutiable falling off in jority, therefore, is 141. Country. revenues imports, In the Senate there are 53 Demovalue 1914. during crats, 42 Republicans, and 1 Progressive. As shown by the next 12 record of the passage votes on the great reform measures, months. every measure received not only the support of the Democrats, but enlisted the votes of many Republicans and Progressives, Austria-Hungary... $15, 232, 645 $5,267,000 The Democratic majority now in the House is 141 and 10 in Belgium.. 21,324, 417 5,398,000 France. 95, 445,062 35,566,000 the Senate. The tariff bill passed the House with a majority Germany. 119, 383,978 38,683,000 of 142 and the Senate with a majority of 7; the Federal reserve Russia in Europe.. 2, 420, 602 242,000 act passed the House with a majority of 202 and the Senate Servia and Montenegro. 9,627 2,000 United Kingdom. 132, 173, 220 40, 653,000 with a majority of 20; and the antitrust bill passed the House with a majority of 223 and the Senate with a majority of 30. Total..... 385,989,551 125, 811,000 The votes.
NOTE.—This estimate is made on the assumption that all imports Passage vote in from the European countries at war will cease during the next 12 months. The import values shown represent the dutiable articles imported during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914. The estimated Measure and party. House. Senate. falling off in revenue is computed by applying the rates of the act of 1913 to the imports for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914. THE NECESSITY FOR THIS LEGISLATION CAN NOT BE TRACED TO THE Ayes. Nays. Ayes. Nays. TARIFF ACT OF 1913. Many have contended that this legislation becomes necessary because of the failure of the new tariff law to provide the Democrats 274 5 42 2 3 Republicans necessary revenue, but the facts will not bear out the statement. 122 1 35 Progressives. 1 During the fiscal year 1914 the customs revenue collected Progressive Republicans. 4 amounted to $292,000,000. Of this amount, $85,500,000 was col- Independent... lected before the present law went into effect. The customs Total...... 281 139 37 revenue collected during the first nine months the new law was in effect amounted to $206,500,000, or $22,900,000 per month. Banking and currency bill: The customs revenue collected during the fiscal year 1913 (the Democrats. 248 3 47 Republicans. 80 34 last year the Payne law was in operation) amounted to $318, Progressives. 1 891,395.86, or $26,600,000 per month. The new tariff law pro- Progressive Republicans. vides an income tax to make up for the reduction in customs Independent.. 0 revenue because of the lowering of the tariff taxes. Total...... 287 85 54 For the last 10 months of the calendar year 1913 there accrued from the income tax on individuals $31,344,539. The Antitrust bill: Democrats.. amount of corporation, excise, and income tax accruing for the Republicans.. 52 16 entire calendar year of 1913 was $45,851,028. The total amount Progressives of the excise tax on corporations derived by the Treasury for Progressive Republicans. Independent. 1 0 the calendar year 1912 was $35,006,299. The new income-tax law eliminated the corporation exemption of $5,000, added to Total...... 277 54 46 the tax list many corporations not subject to the excise tax, and also imposed a graduated rate upon corporations holding DEMOCRATS HAVE EARNED THE CONFIDENCE OF THE PEOPLE. stock in others. These provisions account for the entire differ- The Democratic Party is entitled to the confidence of the ence between the receipts from corporations for the calendar people because it has kept its pledges with them. It has revised year 1912 and the calendar year 1913, which difference is the tariff downward to a revenue basis and through the enact$10,814,729. This sum added to the amount of income tax ac- ment of the income-tax law has shifted a large portion of the cruing from individuals for the year 1913, namely, $31,344,539, tax burden of the American people from the shoulders of the would aggregate $42,189,268, or $4,000,000 per month. Adding people least able to pay to the shoulders of those most able to the average monthly customs receipts to the average monthly bear the burden of taxation. It has reformed our banking and income-tax receipts under the new law gives $26,900,000, as currency laws, taking the control of the money and the credits compared with $26,600,000 under the act of 1909. This average of the country out of the hands of the money lenders and monthly comparison only extends to the close of the fiscal speculators of the great cities and placing it in the hands of the Government where it belongs. For the present fiscal year 1915 the comparison is much more It has furnished the necessary supplemental legislation to favorable to the new tariff and income tax law, for the reason strengthen and make effective the provision of the Sherman that the individual income tax law only covered 10 months antitrust law to prohibit monopoly with the least disturbance of the year 1913, and in reality only reaching all semiannual possible to business, and it has further demonstrated that it can incomes payable in January and July for 4 months of that efficiently administer the affairs of the National Government. year and all like quarterly income payable in January, July, and October for but 7 months of that year. Considering the unsettled business conditions during the year 1914, largely on On Adoption of Conference Report on Antitrust Bill. account of disturbed international commercial and other conditions, the best obtainable figures as to the estimated amount that will accrue from the corporation tax for 1914 is $42,500,000, EXTENSION OF REMARKS while the same estimates from individual income tax is OF $12,500,000, making a total of $85,000,000. Deducting from this amount $35,000,000 that would otherwise have accrued from HON. SILAS R. BARTON, corporation excise tax under the act of 1909 leaves $50,000,000, OF NEBRASKA, or $4,166,000 per month that would accrue to the Treasury from the income tax for the fiscal year 1915. Adding this average IN THIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, monthly yield to the average monthly yield of the present tariff Thursday, October 8, 1914. law gives $27,066,000, as compared with $26,600,000 under the act of 1909. These estimates of the income tax are exceedingly Mr. BARTOX. Mr. Speaker, I shall vote to reject this conconservative. ference report, hoping that we may have an opportunity of The customs revenue collected during the fiscal year 1913 sending it back to conference with instructions to the conferees amounted to $318,891,395, as compared with $292,128,527 for the requiring them to insert the penalties in sections 2 and 4 as fiscal year 1914. The customs revenue, therefore, fell off they were originally in the House bill. I voted for the bill $26,762,868, which amount was more than made up by the when it passed the House. Now it comes before us shorn of $31,314,539 accruing from individual incomes, and the $10,- its power, its teeth extracted, a poor, pitiful attempt to please 844,729 additional tax accruing from corporations, as heretofore the powers it was intended to punish. The people have deexplained. manded trust legislation; they have asked for bread and we Page 19
American people. In this connection a great opportunity awaits BOOK FULL OF THRILLS, us in the Orient. The Orient is the darkest corner of the earth. ter and every time by Woodrow Wilson, who appears on the scene in The in Human life is less sacred there and human liberty is less secure The fair young heroine, Federal Government, is often there than elsewhere in the world. If we can make republican in a bad way. Her hairbreadth escapes remind one of the adventures institutions in the Philippines mean what they mean here, if of Pauline, queen of the movies. we can put into the hearts of the yellow and brown races in Boom, bang, biff, the Philippines our conception of human rights, we will have They throw her off the cliff ; Now she's floating out to sea ; lighted the torch of liberty for hundreds of millions of people Now they tie her to a treein the Orient who are now groping in the dark. It is an op We wonder what the end will be. portunity to serve mankind that seldom falls to the lot of any HIERO BUSY AS RESCUER. people. "Is American character going to measure up to its op he began his rescue work. First, he snatched the heroine from the Woodrow Wilson had no sooner been appointed hero of the piece than portunities to contribute something worth while to the cause of clutches of the Payne-Aldrich tariir. human liberty, or shall we miserably fail through our desire He set her free, but she would not stay free. to avoid responsibility? I do not believe that the American SAVED BY RESERVE BANK DOPE. people will turn their backs upon this great humanitarian Within a week he discovered that she had fallen into the tentacles project upon which we have entered in the Philippines, whether of the Money Trust, and had to rescue her with the Federal reserve independence be granted or not, until we have established popu- dopolne which he threw full in the face of Relentless Rudolph. lar government as an example and an inspiration to all the untying the thousand knots that bound her to do the will of barons of Orient on a stable and enduring foundation. big business. KIDNAPPING IS THWARTED. Our success thus far is of such a character as to give us high hope for the future. Under our direction the Filipino people heroine and take her to Mexico are recorded. Then the European war Besides these major rescues happy escapes from a plot to kidnap the have shown a capacity for improvement unparalleled in our bobbed up, and wise Woodrow had all he could do to keep the girl from day. Free from the ravages of cholera, free from bubonic taking sides in this affair. He had at last to bribe her with a promise plague, free from smallpox and malaria, free from Spanish about her fall shopping as if nothing had happened. oppression, the people of these islands are rapidly finding them FULL OF “ NEW " EPIGRAUS. selves. They are beginning to understand their vast resources The book fairly bristles with epigrams such as have never been seen in of agriculture, of forest, and of mine. They are beginning to a handbook before, such as party perfidy," " Schdeule K," record of catch a glimpse of their possibilities for the future and look achievement;”, crisp, truths culled from speeches,” “ death knell of helping hand to the farmer,".. " recognition of labor," forward to the day when these beautiful islands will support a “ remedial legislation, downward revision," “ to the end thatpopulation of 50,000,000 happy and prosperous people. In view The volume is not what one would call profusely illustrated. of the progress they have made during the last 14 years, it is NOT A PICTURE OF HEROINE. no wonder to me that they are beginning to dream of the time There is one picture of the hero and one of each of the subheroes, when there may be a Philippine nation, with her people ani- not one of the heroine. The book is not handsomely bound, nor is it a model of the printers' mated by common hopes, common purposes, common notions of art. Jeffersonian simplicity has been sought in the mechanical aspect. civilization, common ideals of popular rights, common views It luxuriates only in language. It is idolatrous only in praise. It is It is a book of broad purpose, ignoring as to the meaning of liberty, with a common religion, and all extravagant only in claims. inconsistencies, which Gladstone happily said were the bugbear of the bound together by the ties of a common language. small minds. Such an outcome would indeed be a glorious consummation ASSUMES TARIFF LAW SUCCESS. of all that the American people have done, and will get do, for The volume, judged by this standard, is the product of very great the Filipino people since the entrance of Dewey into Manila It assumes the entire success of the Underwood tariff and ignores the Bay. When order is fully established, when personal rights complaint of SERENO E. PAYNE that it is an economic failure, whose and property rights are understood and secure, when the power lapses from sound maxims have caused it to be supplemented by a of the ballot is understood, when education is universal, when $100,000,000 fine on the American people. property holdings become substantial and general, when a larger way to the objection to Underwood law that it gave more imports and less revenue than any predecessor and supports more foreign workers percentage of the adult population has advanced to a point than it does American. CALLS ITSELF GENIUS. where it can safely be permitted to participate in the government, when a score of independent tribal groups have been of Democratic genius. Indeed, it is described in terms as a miracle of The Federal reserve act is cackled over as though it was a discovery molded into one homogeneous citizenship, capable, hopeful, con. legislation." The Republicans who since 1912 have ceased to believe fident, and self-sustaining, then, indeed, if independence is in miracles reply that before this miraculous legislation was old enough to see the Democrats had revived an old piece of Republican legislation, desired, I can conceive of no more glorious culmination of our the Aldrich-Vreeland Act, which they had formerly denounced bitterly. work than to raise over the Philippine Archipelago the flag IGNORES TRUST LAW WEAKNESS. of a new republic, a republic in fact as well as in name, and The trust acts which have been passed—the Clayton and trades comdestined throughout the centuries to come to hold aloft the light mission bills are believed by many to be mutually destructive, inasof liberty to the brown and yellow races of the earth. much as the first gives the commission power to smell out unfair practices and the second declares that it shall not smell in certain directions. Article by James Gray, of the Minneapolis Journal, review. The textbook ignores this fact and also the fact that neither bill has yet shown its usefulness and asserts that the trust question is settled ing the Democratic Textbook. and the business of the country “ set free." KINK IN WATCHFUL WAITING. The watchful-waiting policy in Mexico, which has had many ups and EXTENSION OF REMARKS downs, had assumed such a shape that when the textbook went to press it was deemed safe to assume its entire success. But the assumption once more enforced the wisdom of the adage Never phophesy unless you know," for the ink was before Villa HON. HALVOR declared war on Carranza. The watchfül-waiting policy, however, is so elastic that it can be applied to the new situation as easily as to the OF MINNESOTA, old. The administration will stand by the textbook “ Watchful Waiting Wins," whether Carranza or Villa comes out on top. VILLA “LOOKS GOOD " NOW. Indeed, it is all but openly admitted at the White House that we Saturday, October 10, 1914. are sick and tired of Carranza and have hopes that Villa will eliminate him. Mr. STEENERSON. Mr. Speaker, under the leave granted The textbook is, however, sound on this proposition that the ad. to me to extend my remarks in the RECORD I include an article ministration policy has kept us out of war with Mexico and stands a Carranza and Villa, after a few fitful by the correspondent, James Gray, of the Minneapolis Journal, fashes of hostilities, may compose their differences and all yet go well. reviewing the Democratic campaign textbook. REPUBLICANS GLOAT OVER IT. The article is as follows: A curious thing about this textbook is that while it is popular with WOODROW WILSON 98 PER CENT HERO IN BOOK OF THRILLS--CONGRES- Democratic Congressmen, Republican Congressmen fairly gloat over it, SIONAL TEXTBOOK DEALS IN MIRACLES OF RESCUES OF MISS F. Gov. They have not money to issue a book of their own, but they say they ERNMENT-LITTLE HEROINE HAS A BAD HABIT OF NOT STAYING SAVED are so well satisfied with the Democratic book that they are going to AND KEEPS HERO ON JUMP. borrow copies and send them to their constituents. This confidence in the book is based on the fact that one chapter is dedicated to the [By James Gray.] honor of the Republican Congressmen who voted for Democratic bills. WASHINGTOX, September 26. They are so numerous as to create the impression that they were not The most popular book of the year? What is it? partisan bills after all, and that neither party has a monopoly of their It differs in different parts of the country, but undoubtedly in Wash- merits. ington it is the Democratic campaign textbook recently issued by the TRUE OF MANY ACTS. Democratic congressional committee and the Democratic national com- This is true of the trust bills, the Trade Commission bill, the sea. mittee, price 25 cents. The hero of this book is one Woodrow Wilson, men's bill, agricultural extension act, the industrial employees' arbi. who fills 98 per cent of the pages. Two subheroes, Champ Clark and tration act, the revived Aldrich-Vreeland Act, conservation of water. Thomas Riley Marshall, get a page apiece. powers bill, the Mexican war resolution, and the ship-registry bill. Page 20
prehensive and drastic Pearre bill, which the unions have all to suspend by order, so far and for such length of time as he may deem desirable, the provisions of law prescribing that all the watch officers along wanted and intend yet to get enacted into law : of vessels of the United States registered for foreign trade shall be “ SEC. 1. That no restraining order or injunction shall be granted by citizens of the United States. any court of the United States, or a judge, or the judges thereof, in l'nder like conditions, in like manner, and to like extent the Presiany case between an employer and an employee, or between employers | dent of the United States is also hereby authorized to suspend the proand employees, or between employees, or between persons employed to visions of the law requiring survey, inspection, and measurement by labor and persons seeking employment as laborers, or involving, or officers of the United States of foreign-built vessels admitted to Amergrowing out of a dispute concerning terms or conditions of employ- ican registry under this act. ment unless necessary to prevent irreparable injury to property, or to Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. a property right of the party making the application, for which injury Approved, August 18, 1914. there is no adequate remedy at law; and such property or property right must be particularly described in the application, which must be Upon being vested with the legai power to do so, the Presiin writing and sworn to by the applicant or by his, her, or its agent or dent lost no time, but proceeded forthwith and issued the folattorney. And for the purposes of this act no right to continue the lowingrelation of employer and employee or to assume or create such relation with any particular person or persons, or at all, or to carry on EXECUTIVE ORDER. business of any particular kind, or in any particular place, or at all, SEPTEMBER 4, 1914. shall be construed, held, considered, or treated as property or as con- In pursuance of the authority conferred upon the President of the stituting a property right. United States by section 2 of the act approved August 18, 1914, en"SEC. 2. That in cases arising in the courts of the United States or titled "An act to provide for the admission of foreign-built ships to coming before said courts, or before any judge, or the judges thereof, American registry for the foreign trade, and for other purposes," it is no agreement between two or more persons concerning the terms or hereby ordered : conditions of employment of labor, or the assumption or creation or 1. That the provisions of the law prescribing that the watch offitermination of any relation between employer and employee, or concern- cers of vessels of the United States registered for foreign trade shall be ing any act or thing to be done or not to be done with reference to or citizens of the United States, are hereby suspended, so far and for such involving or growing out of a labor dispute shall constitute a con- length of time as is herein provided, namely, all foreign-built ships spiracy or other criminal offense or be punished or prosecuted as such which shall be admitted to the United States registry under said act unless the act or thing agreed to be done or not to be done would be may retain the watch officers employed thereon, without regard to citi. unlawful if done by a single individual, nor shall the entering into or zenship, for seven years from this date, and such watch officers shall the carrying out of any such agreement be restrained or enjoined unless be eligible for promotion. Any vacancy occurring among such watch such act or thing agreed to be done would be subject to be restrained officers within two years from this date may be filled without regard or enjoined under the provisions, limitations, and deíinition contained to citizenship, but any vacancies which may occur thereafter shall be in the first section of this act. filled by a watch officer who is a citizen of the United States. “ SEC. 3. That all acts and parts of acts in conflict with the provi- 2. That the provisions of law requiring survey, inspection, and sions of this act are hereby repealed. measurement, by officers of the United States, of foreign-built ships “DANIEL DAVENPORT, General Counsel." admitted to Únited States registry under said act are hereby suspended for two years from this date. WOODROW WILsox. Ship Registry Act. By the actions of the President of the United States in suspending the inspection laws for the term of two years the fol lowing sections of the United States Revised Statutes become SPEECH null and void for that period on all vessels admitted to American registry under the provisions of the act approved August 18, OF 1914. Section 5 of the Panama Canal act is not suspended in so far that the local inspectors of steam vessels shall, upon application before the issue of a register, inspect the vessels OF CALIFORNIA, so far as may be necessary to determine if the vessel's hull is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, in such a condition that she can carry dry and perishable cargo with safety. Friday, October 9, 1914. The following sections are suspended : Section 4417 of the Revised Statutes reads in part as folMr. CURRY. Mr. Speaker, the so-called ship-registry act, lows: approved August 18 of this year, which act provides for the admission of foreign-built ships to American registry for the carefully inspect the huli of every steam vessel within their respective SEC. 4417. The local inspectors shall, cnce in every year at least, foreign trade, and the issuing by the President under the au- districts and shall satisfy themselves that every such vessel so subthority of said act of an Executive order on September 4, 1914, mitted to their inspection is of a structure suitable for service in which suspending for two years the provisions of the law requiring the crew, and is in a condition to warrant the belief that she may be survey inspection and measurement by United States officers used in navigation as a steamer with safety to life, and that all the of foreign-built ships admitted to American registry under said requirements of law in regard to fires, boats, pumps, hose, life servers, floats, anchors, cables, and other things are faithfully com: act and suspending for a period of seven years on such ships so plied with; and if they deem it expedient they may direct the vessel admitted the provisions of the law requiring watch officers to to be put in motion, and may adopt any other suitable means to toet be citizens of the United States, were, in my opinion, un her sufficiency and that of her equipment. Whenever any inspector or assistant inspector shall, in the performance of his duty, find on board necessary and ill advised. any vessel subject to the provisions of this title, as part of the reThe enactment of the law and the issuing of the Executive quired equipment thereof, any equipment, machinery, apparatus, or aporder may have been dictated by patriotic motives, but in the pliances not conforming to the requirements of law he shall require the same to be placed in proper condition by the owner or master of the putting of the law and the Executive order into practical op- said vessel, if possible ; and if said inspector or assistant inspector eration by the owners of foreign ships taking advantage of the shall find on board any such vessel any life preservers or fire hose law, patriotism plays a very subordinate part to and is, in fact, be destroyed in his presence by such owner or master. And in any completely dominated by commercialism, as I shall attempt to of the foregoing cases local inspectors by whom or under whose supershow in my remarks. vision said vessel is then being inspected shall have power to enforce Intrusting the protection and the honor of the American flag and by refusing to issue a new certificate to the said vessel until the the foregoing requirements by revoking the certificate of the said vessel that is permitted to float over such a ship so admitted to said requirements shall have been fully complied with or until such American registry into the custody of her master who is a action of the local inspectors shall have been reversed-citizen or a subject of a foreign country certainly can not be And so forth. called patriotic. But that is not the worst of it; none of the Section 4418 of the Revised Statutes reads in part as follows: officers and none of the crew are required to be American citi- SEC. 4418. The local inspectors shall also inspect the boilers and zens. The foreign officers and foreign crews of such a ship and once, at least, in every year thereafter, and shall subject all boilers their appurtenances in all steam vessels before the same shall be used, may retain their positions on the ship without being required to the hydrostatic pressure. All such vessels shall comply with the to swear allegiance to our country and our flag. In the event following requirements, namely: That the boilers are well made, of good of war could this country depend on their allegiance and and suitable material; that the openings for the passage of water and loyalty? And yet official notice has been given that no Ameri- proper dimensions and free from obstructions; that the spaces between can citizen need apply for a position on the newly created and around the flues are sufficient; that fiues boilers, furnaces, safety uninspected foreign-built American merchant marine engaged cocks. steam gauges, water and steam pipes connecting boilers, means in the foreign trade, in pursuance of the exercise of authority of prevention of sparks and flames from fire doors, low-water gauges, conferred upon the President of the United States by the act of means of removing mud and sediment from boilers, and all other such Congress approved August 18, 1914, entitled "An act to provide condition, arrangement, and material that the same may be safely, emfor the admission of foreign-built ships to American registry ployed in the service proposed without peril to life ; and the local in. · for the foreign trade, and for other purposes,” which act reads spectors shall satisfy themselves by thorough examination that said as follows: requirements of law and regulations in regard thereto have been fully complied with. No boiler or flue pipe, nor any of the connections thereBe it enacted, etc., That the words “not more than 5 years old at with, shall be approved which is made in whole or in part of bad the time they apply for registry” in section 5 of the act entitled "An material or is unsafe in its form or dangerous from defective workmanact to provide for the opening, maintenance, protection, and operationship, age, use, or other cause-of the Panama Canal, and the sanitation and government of the Canal Zone,” are hereby repealed. And so forth. Sec. 2. That the President of the United states is hereby authorized, In order for an American-built, American-officered, and Amerwhenever in his discretion the needs of foreign commerce may require, 'ican-manned vessel to obtain a certificate of inspection she must first be inspected by the United States Steamboat-Inspection placed and kept as required by this title, or whenever any passenger Service and comply with all the requirements of law, as set steam vessel receives or carries any gunpowder on board, not having a forth in the two preceding sections of the Revised Statutes. kept as required, or shall carry any gunpowder at a place or in a man. But the foreign-built, foreign-officered, and foreign-manned ves- ner not authorized by such certificate, such steam vessel shall be liable sels admitted to American registry under the act approved to a penalty of $100°for each offense. August 18, 1914, and by Executive order are made immune Section 4463 of the Revised Statutes reads in part as follows: from inspection for two years and all the provisions contained SEC. 4463. Any vessel of the United States subject to the provisions in the preceding sections. Section 5 of the Panama Canal act of this title, or to the inspection laws of the United States, shall not provides that the hulls of vessels admitted under the act are complement of licensed officers and crew as may, in the judgment of the Page 21
I desire to state that the above telegram was inserted in the from the Central and South American ports to the ports of the I note in the list of the 56 vessels that the gentleman from In reply to an inquiry made by Hon. E. F. Sweet, Acting Sec- Alabama submitted that 41 of them belong to the United Fruit retary of Commerce, on the 7th of August, Collector of the Port Co.-British-and they range in size from 2,294 to 7,783 gross Davis, of San Francisco, reported that there are 500 unemployed tons register, and are of an age from 1 to 10 years, excepting licensed masters, mates, chief engineers, and assistant engineers 2 of them which are 21 and 34 years old, respectively. I also in San Francisco who are immediately available for service on note that 5 of the 56 vessels submitted by the gentleman ocean steamers. from Alabama belong to the Red Star Line-Belgium--and they There are 250 idle masters and mates in San Francisco anxious range in size from 7,660 to 18,694 gross tons register, and they to accept positions. Below deck the available men are as fol- are from 6 to 21 years old. The other 11 ships of the 56 sublows: One hundred and twenty-five chief engineers, 100 first as- mitted belong to the New York & Pacific Steamship Co. (Ltd.) sistant engineers, 20 second assistant engineers, and 20 third as- British-and their tonnage ranges from 3,040 to 7,040 gross sistant engineers. In addition to this number there are known tons register, and they are from 1 to 21 years old. to be available 100 unemployed deck officers at Puget Sound and In the following list of American steamships which I am 50 unemployed deck officers at San Pedro. submitting, 6 of them are engaged in the Pacific and the Of the chief mates at present actively employed on American oriental trade, 6 of them are engaged in the trans-Atlantic ships in the various trades at least 200 hold unlimited masters' trade, 2 in the San Francisco-Australian trade, and approxlicense for any and all oceans. imately 30 to 40 in the coast-to-coast and Honolulu trade, and The following is a copy of a letter which was written by Capt. the balance in the coastwise trade on the Pacific and on the Wescott to the President of the United States : Atlantic, and also in the Cuban, Porto Rican, and at times in NATIONAL HOTEL, the Central and South American trade. Washington, D. O., August 22, 1914. Hon. WOODROW WILSON, List of foreign steamships of over 4,000 gross tons register President of the United States, that was submitted by the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Washington, D.O. UNDERWOOD)--their ages are from 1 to 14 years, excepting the HONORABLE SIR: On behalf of the Ocean Masters, Mates, and Pilots Gothland, which is 21 years: of the Pacific, and also the Neptune Association of New York, whom I have the honor of representing, do most earnestly and respectfully Foreign steamships of over 4,000 gross tons register. request that there be no suspension of the provision of law prescribing Gross tons. Gross tons. that all the watch officers of vessels of the United States registered for Lapland 18, 694 Santa Marta. 5, 013 foreign trade shall be citizens of the United States. Vaderland. 12, 017 Zacapa-- 5, 013 Mr. President, there are at present available no less than 600 idle Zeeland 11, 905 Carillo. 5, 013 ocean masters, mates, and second mates holding an unlimited any-ocean Samland.. 9, 748 Metapan. 5, 011 United States certificate of license who are citizens of the United States. Tenadores... 7, 783 Almirante 5, 010 We therefore most earnestly and respectfully request that the idle Calamares. 7, 782 Celia.-- 5, 004 licensed officers in the Uniteå States who are citizens of this great Pastores 7, 782 Atenas-- 4, 962 country be given a chance to make an honest living for themselves and Gothland 7, 660 Turrialba 4, 961 families. I am, honored sir, Chipana. 7, 040 Abangarez. 4, 955 Yours, faithfully, Chincha 6, 395 Heredia - 4, 944 WILLIAM A. WESCOTT, Curaca_ 6, 386 Parismina.. 4, 937 : President Masters, Mates, and Pilots of the Pacific, Cacique.- 6, 202 | Cartago--- 4, 937 and representing the Neptune Association. Patia. 6, 103 Tortuguero- 4, 175 Patuca 6, 103 Chimu-I will now quote a very short paragraph from a personal let. Bayano 4, 259 5, 948 Aracataca-- 4, 154 ter which Capt. Wescott received from Mr. Bruce Gibson, busi Colusa 5, 732 Barranca--- 4, 124 ness manager of the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association, Chagres. 5, 288 Manzanares.. 4, 094 5, 067 Reventazon. 4, 050 No. 35, of San Francisco, Cal., dated August 25, 1914, which Sixaola. 5, 017 Chirripo--- 4, 050 reads as follows: Tivives_ 5, 017 Shipping is paralyzed here—steamers laid up in numbers and it Total, 39 foreign vessels of 4,000 gross tons and over. looks bad for this winter. We have a large number of men out of American steamships of over 4,000 gross tons register engaged in the work, and I do not know what some of them are going to do. various trades on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. BRUCE GIBSON, Gross tons. Gross tons. The Department of Commerce had on file on the 22d day of Minnesota 20, 718 Colon.- 5, 667 August, 1914, reports received from collectors of customs from Mongolia- 13, 638 Californian 5, 707 13, 638 Oregonian. the principal ports on the Atlantic and the Pacific, and those Finland 5, 597 12, 760 Isthmian. 5, 404 reports show that there are over 2,000 idle masters,' mates, and Kroonland 12, 760 Santa Rita. 5, 273 engineers that are and were available for service on vessels en- St. Paul 11, 629 President. 5, 218 11, 629 Lenapa. gaged in the foreign trade at the same time the so-called ship 5, 179 11, 284 Santa Cruz. 5, 081 registry bill was passed by the House. And I want to say to Korea, 11, 276 Carolina. 5, 017 you, and I believe that you will agree with me, that there was Philadelphia New York_. 10, 798 Melrose 5, 107 10, 786 City of Montgomery- 5, 425 no shortage of certificated masters, mates, and engineers, and Matsonia 9, 728 Newton.-- 5, 194 that the law that prescribes that all of the watch officers on Ancon. 9, 606 Illinois, 5, 225 vessels of the United States engaged in foreign trade shall be Cristobal--- 9, 606 Lurline. 5, 928 8, 671 Panama. citizens of the United States should not have been suspended. 5, 667 Arizonan. 8, 671 | American.. 5, 591 By the statement of the Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, Texand 8, 615 Hawaiian.- 5, 597 quoted on the floor of the House during the debate on the bill, Columbian. Mexican. 8, 579 Santa Maria- 5, 318 8, 579 Governor. 5, 250 that the certificated masters, mates, and second mates of our Congress- 7, 985 Sierra 5, 989 merchant service were probably not qualified to command and Missourian. 7, 914 Topila- 5, 125 officer vessels that are engaged in the foreign trade, and by Virginian. 7,914 China. 5, 060 Kansan.-- 7, 013 Malden. 5, 107 the action of Congress and the President of the United States Honolulan.. 7, 059 i Texas- 5, 106 admission has been made to the world that the certificate of Wilhelmina. 6, 974 | City of St. Louis 5, 425 license issued by the United States Government to masters, Momus 6, 878 | Gulfoil.. 5, 188 -- 6, 878 Montereychief mates, and second mates are not worth their face 'value. Creole. 4, 702 6, 754 | Esperenca. 4, 702 I do not believe it. The certificate of license that is issued to Georgian- 6, 657 Mohawk. 4, 623 an applicant by the United States local inspectors of steam ves Minnesotan 6, 655 Lansing- 4, 560 Montanan. 6, 649 Bear sels after they have passed their examination states very plainly 4, 507 Panaman... 6, 649 Beaver. 4, 507 on what waters the holder is qualified to serve, the size of the Richmond Pennsylvanian 6, 649 Nebraskan 4, 408 vessel he is qualified to officer, and the position he is qualified Brazos 6, 563 Nevadan 4, 408 6, 399 Denver- 4, 549 to hold. Havana_ 6, 391 Coamo-- 4, 384 I have prepared a list of 109 American ocean steamships that Sanatostar 6, 391 Col. E. L. Drake_ 4, 205 range in size from 4,033 to 20,718 gross tons register which are 6, 309 Apache.. 4, 145 Santa Catalina. 6, 309 Arapahoe- 4, 145 officered by American masters, mates, and engineers. Santa Cecilia 6, 309 Capt. A. F. Lucas. 4, 188 I prepared the list for the purpose of comparison with the Sonoma. 6, 279 J. A. Chanslor-- 4, 938 list of foreign steamships that was inserted in the RECORD by Mexico Ventura- 6, 282 | Damara-- 4,989 6, 207 Wm. F. Herrin. 4, 938 the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. UNDERWOOD) as ships that San Jacinto 6, 069 Henry Buck 4, 938 would more than likely take advantage of the act and obtain Dakotan-- 6, 606 W. S. Porter. 4, 901 American registry for their vessels, for they have qualified El Mundo. Kentuckian- 6, 606 Proteus.- 4, 836 6, 008 Comus- 4, 828 officers on deck and in the engine room, in the opinion of the El Occidente. 4, 616 administration, to navigate them, so that our cotton and wheat El Sol --- Page 22
to represent a Democratic constituency.” (Hon. J. B. THOMPSON, CON- It has been an unpleasant sight to me, as it has been to many DemoGRESSIONAL RECORD, 63d Cong., 2d sess., pp. 3316, 3347.) crats during the last few days in this Chamber, when Senators on CONGRESSMEN THOMAS (DEMOCRAT), OF KENTUCKY, AND BURGESS the Republican side of the Chamber have proposed amendments to the (DEMOCRAT), OF TEXAS, ON THE DEMOCRATIC “ PUBLICITY " PLANK income tax provision that appeal to the sense of justice and appeal to AND ITS VIOLATION. the judgment of Senators on this side, but who, because of caucus rule, were compelled to vote against such amendments. I do not think that Mr. THOMAS. Will the gentleman yield? is a worthy sight in the Senate of the United States. I do not believe Mr. BURGESS. Yes. it is right to bind individual Senators and compel them to vote against Mr. THOMAS. I want to ask the gentleman if it is not a fact that their conscience and their judgment upon such amendments when no the Baltimore platform specifically declares that the President shall party policy is involved. make public all'indorsements for district judge ? Mr. President, in order to justify myself for the position I am taking, Mr. BURGESS. Oh, that has nothing to do with this question. I I shall go a little further, and perhaps verge upon the improper in want to talk about the Alaskan railroad. reference to the Democratic caucus of which I was a part. Like all Mr. THOMAS. Is it not a fact? caucuses, I believe the fact to be that our Democratic caucus degenerMr. BURGESS. I will not yield for that. ated into a political machine. Mr. THOMAS. In other words, the gentleman will not yield when he I did not, however, ask the caucus to approve my amendment; I is asked about anything that violates the Democratic platform. asked to be left free to offer it here in the Senate, and I asked that Mr. BURGESS. Mr. Chairman, I want to say that every Democrat other Democratic Senators be left free to vote for it according to their must be bound by every declaration in his platform. If he is not consciences and their judgment. I was refused. bound, then nobody is bound; and what is the use of making it? (Con. The votes have been published, so I am revealing none of the secrets GRESSIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 63d Cong., p. 3496.) of that caucus when I say that 18 Members of the Senate voted for my amendment and 23 appeared to vote against it. I say." appeared” SENATOT JAMES (DEMOCRAT), OF KENTUCKY, AND SEXATOR OʻGORMAN because it is a fact, which I shall take the liberty of stating, that the (DEMOCRAT), OF NEW YORK, CHIDE EACH OTHER OX “ DISLOYALTY ” nine Democratic members of the Committee on Finance voted as a TO DEMOCRATIC PARTY OBLIGATIONS. unit, regardless of their convictions. So we have a wheel within a Mr. JAMES. If I recollect the Democratic national platform of 1912 wheel, a machine within a machine. The inner machine controlled the correctly, there is a provision in it which says that all recommenda. caucus. The vote_cast was not the correct expression even of the tions of judges made to the President should be made public. My caucus. (Senator HITCHCOCK, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Aug. 29, 1913.) understanding is that a report was made by the committee of which the Senator from New York is a member, which struck that provision CONGRESSMAN MURRAY (DEMOCRAT), or OKLAHOMA, DENIES THE RIGHT from the law; and I should like to ask the Senator whether or not he OF THE PRESIDENT TO DETERMINE WHAT IS DEMOCRACY, AND OPPOSES adhered to the Baltimore platform upon that provision ? THE DEMOCRATIC “GAG” RULE ON THE TOLLS REPEAL BILL. Mr. O'GORMAN. * * It is a poor defense of disloyalty to a party Mr. MURRAY of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, like the gentleman from Alaobligation to call attention to the fact that there have been other bama [Mr. Clayton), I take this position because I am a Democrat. departures from the pledges made by the party. Evidently between us there is a difference in the definition of “ DemocMr. JAMES, It may be a poor defense, but it seems to me that it is racy.” He doubtless takes the Democracy of this Nation to be the quite as poor a defense upon the part of the Senator from New York President. I do not. I deny the right either of the President or of to cling tenaciously to one principle in the Democratic platform and this Congress to determine what is Democracy, Democracy is made in a neglect in legislation other principles in the Democratic platform. representative convention duly assembled by the people. (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Mar. 27, 1014.) We are here asked to violate our pledges twice in the same transac tion-first, by a “gag” rule that will not permit the bill to be amended THE BROKEN PROMISE OF “ FREEDOM OF SPEECII” IN THE HOUSE OF or an amendment to be offered, a thing that every Democratic nominee REPRESENTATIVES. down to road overseer denounced in the campaign of 1912. It has, among other achievements, revised the rules of the House of I am opposed to this “gag” rule, moreover, because if we are to Representatives so as to give to the Representatives of the American stab our own party to death and a national policy of free " sees” of people freedom of speech and of action in advocating, proposing, and 100 years, we ought to have more time in which to commit the murder. perfecting remedial legislation. (Democratic platform, 1012.) (Hon. WILLIAM H. MURRAY, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Mar. 27, 1914.} NOTE.The Democratic caucus, on April 8, 1913, by a vote of 167 CONGRESSMAN THOMPSON (DEMOCRAT), OF OKLAHOMA, WANTS TO LET IN to 84, decided that its sessions should be in secret behind closed doors. TIIE LIGHT ON THE DEMOCRATIC SECRET CAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, I am in favor of the widest publicity of the actions of Mr. UNDERWOOD, DEMOCRATIC LEADER OF THE HOUSE, PROTESTS AGAINST this Congress. I am in favor of letting the people know what we do in A DEMOCRATIC “GAG” RULE. caucus as well as in Congress. If what I do does not respond to the I regret, of course, that I differ with the President of the United best interests of the common people the farmers and the laboring States and that I am compelled to differ with many of my colleagues people--they ought to know it, and they ought to send a man here who here. But I say to you if either you or I are to make a mistake in will in truth and in fact represent their views. this matter let it be one mistake. Let us not to-day turn our faces In conclusion, let me say that there ought to be no secret caucus, no against the principles we fought for ; let us not close our ears against vote except when a record is made. The people are entitled to know a battle cry that first made a Democratic majority in this House what we are doing. If we do the right thing, we ought to be glad to possible. let the people know we have done right. If we behind closed doors and There are 50 men facing me on the floor of this House to-day whose without a roll call do the wrong thing, the people ought to kick down scats would be occupied by Republicans if it had not been for the fight the doors and find what we are doing. I for one am willing to stand the Democratic Party made in the Sixty-first Congress against an un or fall by what is right. Can those who vote against me say as much? reasonable exercise of the power of cloture. The American I challenge them to the contest. (Hon. J. B. THOMPSON, CONGRESpeople believe in what I say, and they showed their belief by electing a SIONAL RECORD, 63d Cong., 2d sess., p. 3347.) THE BROKEN PROMISE TO RETURN TO “ ECONOMY." We denounce the profligate waste of the money wrung from the people the action of the constituencies that sent you here. '* * * You are by oppressive taxation through the lavish appropriations of recent Reasked to foreclose your judgment on one of the most important ques publican Congresses, which have kept taxes high and reduced the purtions that has ever confronted the American people before you have chasing power of the people's toil. We demand a return to that simheard the debate and before you have seen the proposed amendments. plicity and economy which befits a democratic government, and a reducYou are not only asked to adopt a rule that will pass in this House tion in the number of useless offices, the salaries of which drain the subwhat the President of the United States asks for, to cut away from stance of the people. (Democratic platform, 1912.) SENATOR TILLMAN (DEMOCRAT), OF SOUTH CAROLINA, WARNED TIIE PRESIDENT EARLY AGAINST DEMOCRATIC EXTRAVAGANCE. IIouse who have upheld my hands. I do not question your honesty, Senator TILLMAN, in a letter to Gov. Wilson, January 21, 1913, said: because I know that no man ever faced a set of men who possess more “This I do know, Mr. President, that if the Democrats are in earnest honesty and courage than the men I am facing to-day ; but, in my about reducing expenditures, it is an easy matter to do it, and that, too, judgment, you are making a serious mistake to adopt this clotúre rule, without crippling the Government. It will mean the selection of Cabiand I would not be worthy to hold your commission as the leader on net officers who will not be complaisant, but intent only on having the this side of the House if, believing that you are making a serious mis Government machine work smoothly, accurately, and effectively for the take, I did not have the courage to stand here and tell you so, in spite people's benefit and not for the benefit of the officeholders. The estiof everything. (Hon. Oscar W. UNDERWOOD, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, mates are all made up by the Cabinet officers, and appropriations are 2d sess. 63a Cong., pp. 2956, 2957.) always based on estimates, or supposed to be, unless they come as in dependent propositions from the floor of the Senate itself. I know you SEXATOR HITCHCOCK (DEMOCRAT), OF NEBRASKA, BELIEVES THAT THE understand the importance of a loyal Cabinet in sympathy with this “ DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS HAS DEGENERATED INTO A POLITICAL MA- idea of economy." * (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 1st sess. 63d Cong., p. 31.) To my mind it was, to say the least, a mistake to endeavor in a PRESIDENT (THEN GOVERNOR) WILSON, THE FIRST, LAST, AND ONLY TIME HE IS ON RECORD (ON ECONOMY) SINCE HIS ÉLECTION AS of the pending section providing an income tax. PRESIDENT, PROMISED TO CONFER WITH His “LEGISLATIVE COLIt seems to me that the individual Democrat, like the individual LEAGUES," WITH A VIEW TO BRINGING SOME BUDGET SYSTEM INTO Republican, ought to be permitted by his party to stand here and vote EXISTENCE-HIS “ LEGISLATIVE COLLEAGUES” TURNED DOWN THE for his convictions. PROPOSITION FOR A BUDGET SYSTEM IN A SECRET DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS. After all, Senators here were elected to the Senate, not to a caucus, In his reply to Senator TILLMAN, Gov. Wilson, after naming the and it is in the interest of the public welfare that great questions of Appropriations Committee as the committee on which the Senator, as this sort be debated in public and decided in public, particularly when its head, could be of the greatest and most constant service,” said : so, Mr. President, it seemed to me a mistake when my party under methods of financial legislation. Ever since then I have insisted upon took to decide the details of the income-tax bill in the caucus. Still, the absolute necessity of a carefully considered and wisely planned I did not leave the caucus on that account. I left the caucus when I budget, and one of the objects I shall have most in mind when I get to asked the privilege of being permitted in the open Senate to introduce Washington will be conferences with my legislative colleagues there a legitimate amendment for the taxation of trusts, and that privilege with a view to bringing some budget system into existence." (CONwas denied me. I asked it not only for myself but I asked it for other GRESSIONAL RECORD, 1st sess. 63d Cong., p. 31.) Democrats on this side of the Chamber who believe in the principle and want to see it engrafted upon the pending bill. Those men, if compelled to vote against my amendment, which I am here to-day to urge, SENATOR WILLIAMS (DEMOCRAT), OF MISSISS: PPI, OBSERVES SOME DENwill have difficulty in explaining to their constituents why they have OCRATIC ACROBATIC STUNTS WITH THE “ ECONOMY" PLANK. done so. It is not right for the party to put them in that position when The Democratic Party gallivanted around the country through its no great party issue is involved. stump speakers and has announced that it proposes to economize in Page 23
provides for an expenditure of $25,000,000 more. The increases in the Mr. FOTZGERALD STANDS BY HIS STATEMENT. general appropriation bills that are coming later will take up every cent of that $18,000,000, and the real objection to this bill at this time and every criticism that I made of the Department of Labor or of any * I simply wish to add, Mr. Chairman, that every statement is that you have not got the money. other department of this Government during the conduct of the urgent * * * deficiency bill in this House was thoroughly justified, and I do not The revenues from the tariff law since it has been in force are less retract in a single iota anything I said about them. * than were estimated by the Ways and Means Committee. * (CONGRES SIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 63d Cong., Mar. 11, 1914.) Mr. ASWELL. What is the gentleman's authority? Mr. LANGLEY. If the gentleman will permit, I wish to say that the figures show that the revenues are not as much as were estimated. The CONGRESSMAN HOWARD (DEMOCRAT), OF GEORGIA, SAYS THE PUBLIC gentleman could easily answer that, and he could further reply, that we PRINTER IS NOT THE ONLY PUBLIC OFFICIAL THAT IS ABUSING THE on this side of the House told the gentleman that that would be so. CONFIDENCE OF A DEMOCRATIC CONGRESS—THE WAR DEPARTMENT IS Mr. STEVENS of New Hampshire. I have not the figures at hand, Mr. SHAMEFULLY USING PUBLIC MONEY FOR “ SOCIETY STUNTS,” HE SAYS. Chairman, but I understand it is a fact that the revenues are less than It seems that under the Democratic economy of the Government Printthey were estimated to be, and it is an absolute fact that the expendi- ing Office the present Public Printer was a little bit immodest, in that tures are greater. it took two automobiles to satisfy him. Since this matter was up I Now, a word as to the political considerations. This bill appeals to have investigated, and I know what these two Rauch & Lang cars cost every man who is in favor of good roads. It appeals to every man who that he has got down there. I know what they cost in upkeep to the wants the support of his constituents. I have the honor to represent a Government, and I do not care what the Public Printer states about it, rural community with a great many rural routes in it. If this bill I am in a position to say that this new car is not used solely for official were passed, we could go back to our homes and say to our constituents, purposes. We have brought back so many thousands of dollars to be expended I do not know what this man is doing with these automobiles, and here for your benefit.” That would be a great help to the individual I do not care what he is doing with them ; but I lay it down here as a Congressman seeking reelection. But, gentlemen, if you go back home bald-headed proposition that no officer of this character has any right to your constituents with a chunk of pork in one hand and a $50,000,000 to appropriate the people's money for two electric automobiles that cost deficit in the other hand, you will find it entirely different. (Hon, over $4,000 apiece. In fairness to the Public Printer, I may add that R. B. STEVENS, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 63d Cong., 2d sess., p. 3423.) he is not the only public official that is abusing the confidence of a Democratic Congress. The War Department is shamefully, if not wanCONGRESSMAN LONERGAN (DEMOCRAT), OF CONNECTICUT, OPPOSED tonly and willfully, using money appropriated by the people for useful SPENDING $25,000,000 ON ROADS AS 'UNNECESSARY AND UNJUSTIFI purposes to put on "society stunts" and make a show of what it is to be a commissioned officer in the Army with a swivel-chair assignment, ABLE. (Mr. HOWARD, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 63d Cong., p. 15984.) Mr. Speaker, the Democratic platform of 1912 denounced the profligate waste of money taken from the people through lavish appropriations of recent Republican Congresses. I am opposed to the appro- CONGRESSMAN DIES (DEMOCRAT), OF TEXAS, ON DEMOCRATIC "SIMpriation called for in the bill under consideration. In my opinion the PLICITY” AND “ECONOMY " IN GENERAL AND AUTOMOBILES FOR DEMOalready established appropriations impose enough responsibility upon CRATIC CABINET OFFICERS IN PARTICULAR. the country, and the added burden which will result from this entering * into new fields in road construction is unnecessary and inadvisable. I believe that I voice the sentiments of my constituents in opposing this I would be ashamed of myself if I called the attention of this combill; therefore I shall register my vote against it. (Hon. A. LONERGAN, mittee to the attempted raid upon the Treasury of $8,000 by a poor CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 63d Cong., p. 3762.) 70-year-old soldier out in Minnesota if I did not call their attention to the abstraction of $7,000 from the contingent fund of one of the de partments of the Government in violation of the laws of this country. CONGRESSMAN Cox (DEMOCRAT), OF INDIANA, CAN NOT BOAST OF THE by a Cabinet minister. DEMOCRATIC RECORD FOR ECONOMY, AND CALLS ATTENTION TO A FOR- * * GOTTEN SLOGAN. I think he is an honest man, I think he was a good legislator, and I The Democratic Party—and I claim to be a member of it-have think probably he is making a good Cabinet minister ; but no man in assailed the Republican Party on every stump, on every occasion when this Government is great enough-no man should ever become great the opportunity presented itself to us, and we have condemned you enough-to violate the laws of this country and usurp the functions Republicans for extravagance. The press of the country have con. of this body to appropriate the revenues of the Government for its demned you. * * In the last session we can not boast of our maintenance. record for economy. Gentlemen, we are starting in early. Let us see if we can not make The Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor a record for economy, especially in view of the fact that the President did not have any right or any business, in the first instance, to have a of the United States recently announced, through the press of the crippled-up team to drive around at the public expense. They got it country, that economy would be one of the slogans of his administra in tacit violation of the laws of the country, and they ought not to tion. (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 1st sess. 63d Cong., pp. 288, 291.) have used the money of the people for that purpose. * * Because we are setting a mad pace in this simple republican But I want to say to my Democratic colleagues that if they do not capital. want to put a check upon these appropriations to the income of the When a man undertakes to indulge one of these limousine, or "limoTreasury to-day, Woodrow Wilson during his second, if not the first, zeen"-which is it [laughter]-one of these limousine habits with a Ford salary [laughter] he has either got to come to Congress for more We denounce you because you have expended $90,000,000 more than money or else he has got to take it out of the contingent fund in you expended in the preceding year. The question arises, Why on earth have the Democrats the right to denounce Republicans for ex- You know we ride around here in these limousines and in these travagance in the future? For the life of me I can not see. seven-seated touring cars, paid for out of the taxes wrung from toil in this country, and we run over the fellow with the little Ford car; and * the man walking on foot, the pedestrian, he has just simply got to And be able to go home and look the honest electorate squarely in hear one honk of the honk-honk and run for his life ; and the most the face and say that we have kept the faith. (Hon. T. U. SISSON, CON ridiculous feature of it all is that when one of these Cabinet ministers GRESSIONAL RECORD, Feb. 24, 1913, 62d Cong., 3d sess., p. 2836.) alights from his vehicle, paid for by the people, drawn by two snorting bay horses, or alights from his limousine, paid for by the people of this THE BROKEN PROMISE TO RETURN TO “ SIMPLICITY." country, he dusts himself and says, “ Let the people rule." We demand a return to that simplicity and economy which befits a Mr. Chairman, this patient will either get better or get worse. If a democratic government, and a reduction in the number of useless offices, man to-day, in defiance of Congress, can take $1,600 out of the conthe salaries of which drain the substance of the people. (Democratic tingent fund appropriated by Congress for the legitimate functions of government to carry on the government of the people, to-morrow he can platform, 1912.) take $10,000 as well, and if the Secretary of Labor can buy himself an CONGRESSMAN FITZGERALD (DEMOCRAT), OF NEW YORK, SAYS THE automobile, then the Fish Commissioner can buy himself an automobie. SECRETARY OF LABOR PURCHASED AN AUTOMOBILE FOR HIS PERSONAL people taken from their taxes to buy an automobile, he can buy a If one of the dignitaries of this Government can take the funds of the USE WITHOUT AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS. yacht upon the same principle. And if any of our Cabinet ministers 中 * * * At the last session of Congress it appeared that out of or Fish Commissioners or the Commissioner of Education wants to do the appropriation of $60,000 for the contingent expenses of the De- it he can use this precedent to buy himself an ariship. partment of Commerce and Labor $26,100 was transferred to the De- Oh I wish, Mr. Chairman, that we might return to the simple partment of Labor. In addition to that Congress at the last session democracy under which this Government grew so great and so grand. appropriated $5,000 additional for the contingent expenses of the I would not be ashamed to see our Secretary of Labor walk Department of Labor. At that time a request was made by the up and down the streets of Washington... Why, do you know just a Department of Labor to authorize the Secretary of Labor to purchase few months ago, on account of the terrible pace that somebody has three automobiles--a seven-passenger touring car for himself, at $4,500; been setting here in Washington, we heard another Cabinet officer, the an electric runabout for the use of himself and others, for $2,500; and great Secretary of State, exclaim in anguish that he could not live on an automobile truck. å thousand dollars a month. I am sure he told the truth when he The committee declined to include that authority in the hill, based said it. I have great faith in our commoner. upon the fact that authority had never been given to any of the depart- Somebody has made the pace so high in this Capital of our Republic, ments to purchase automobiles for the Secretary or others connected somebody has set the gauge at so exalted an altitude in this citadel, with the department. In some way or other the information got that one of our servants, the great commoner of the Republic, can not noised abroad that such a request. had been made, and innumerable live in this city in befitting style for $12,000 a year. It looks to me, Members of this House served notice upon the committee that they Mr. Chairman, like it is a good time for Cabinet ministers, Senators, would not tolerate such a situation. The authority was not given, and and Congressmen to set for the people in this city and Nation the ex yet it appears that during this session of Congress an automobilé has ample of old-time simplicity and democracy. been purchased for the personal use of the Secretary of Labor. If a Cabinet minister can take a given sum of money in defiance of Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. Would it not be fair for the gentleman Congress and buy himself an automobile, what example and what lesson to state that the Secretary of Labor explained that automobiles would does that teach to the smaller officer, the clerk, and dignitaries around be cheaper in operation and to purchase than it would be to purchase this city? What is the example to a little $1,500 or $2,000 clerk who teams and rigs as the other departments had? handles funds and papers and affairs of the Government? Is it not Mr. FITZGERALD. Suppose he did; Congress did not authorize it, and saying to him, " Mr. Clerk, you are authorized to pad your expense that is the point. No man in any department of the Government can bills when traveling for the Government; you are authorized to put in do as he pleases because he thinks it is desirable. All he can do is to $2 where you spend $1 on the affairs of the Nation, because our obey the law. (Hon. JOHN J. FITZGERALD, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Cabinet ministers are settling their accounts by taking money out of the 2d sess. 630 Cong., pp. 4123, 4124.) contingent fund foz the purchase of automobiles "? If this is peanut Page 24
obnoxious to the rule. THE BALTIMORE PLATFORM. I was once a joyous platform, in Baltimore I was made; The people laughed and hollered and the bands all came and played. CONGRESSMAN KINDEL (DEMOCRAT), OF COLORADO, REGRETS THAT THE My planks were joined so neatly that the carpenters declared PRESIDENT IS NOT A BUSINESS MAN, SO THAT HE COULD BE CONVINCED 'Twas a case of clear perfection, and they'd lick the man who dared OF THE SUICIDAL POLICY" OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AS TO THE Insinuate that I was anything but stanch and good, PARCEL POST. And now there's not enough of me for campaign kindling wood. Where are now those yocal efforts and those sentiments sublime, I was inspired by all that I had read and heard of Mr. Wilson from the declarations made by the President before the election. I was in Those tunes played gladly out of key and mostly out of time? Gone into deep oblivion, laid high upon the shelf. hopes that the country might depend upon him for wise and conserva Dear, patriotic speeches, you're back numbers like myself. tive action, and thus endeavor to promote legislation that would take They said they made me strong enough to cope with any fate, into certain consideration the general welfare of the entire body of merchants, manufacturers, and laborers of the country; but regret to find And yet I proved as fragile as a chunk of armor plate. that the tendencies that have thus far been shown are more scholastic To patriotic fires I'd give some splinters, if I could, than businesslike, as is evidenced by this botch parcel post and the But now there's not enough of me for campaign kindling wood. restrictive orders now prevailing in the coal fields of my State. Wherefore, I regret the loss of time that I could not convince him and the Democratic Party of its suicidal policy. Our President is undoubtedly a good man and well-meaning man, bút it would have been a blessing Why the Man Who Works is Poor; or, Plain Graft Exposed. to the country if he had had more business experience before he assumed the grave responsibility of the office with which he has been honored and which I took great delight to assist him in. EXTENSION OF REMARKS (Hon. GEORGE J. KINDEL, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Aug. 11, 1914.) OF CRATS OUGHT TO BE AS CONSIDERATE TO THE LABORING PEOPLE AS OF OREGON, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, great many of them, and I find it difficult to get the men to read, for instance, in relation to mine accidents. Thursday, October 8, 1914. Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. I will say this to the gentleman: When I was a laboring man I appreciated information of this sort, and I Mr. LAFFERTY. Mr. Speaker, in one respect I occupy a asked for and got it, even under Republican administration, and it I have not the support of i seems to me that the Democratic Party, that has made the declara- unique position in this House. tion that it is for the laboring people, ought at least to be as con- single daily newspaper anywhere. I have neither the support siderate to the laboring people as the Republicans were. nor the indorsement of any party. For three years anyone feelBUCHANAN, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 63d Cong., p. 4246.) ing that he needed a little leg exercise, especially if he lived in my district, has taken a kick at me. SENATOR WILLIAMS (DEMOCRAT), OF MISSISSIPPI, SEES THE DEMOCRATIC THANKS HOUSE FOR KIND TREATMENT. Yet this House has treated me kindly, has passed 32 of my * * * Here are Democrats who 20 years ago were fighting popu- bills in three and one-half years—more than it has passed for lites all over this country when the populites were demanding Government ownership of railroads. We fought them in Mississippi on every any other Oregon Member—and it has acted favorably on three hilltop and down in every shadow of every valley, and we whipped great measures, two of which I was the first Member ever to them to a finish, because we fought them in the open. Now, here are propose in Congress, to wit, the eight-hour law for women in Democrats standing around and wanting to do just what the populites the District of Columbia and the bill to take over the street then asked, wanting to turn this Government over to State socialismnot the socialism of Marx, not the socialism of the French socialists, railway system of Washington as a Government utility. The in which there is some reason, but State socialism-upon the theory third bill in which I took a very active part, and which the thať a state can manage transportation, industry, manūfacturing, and House passed, was the parcel post. other things better than they can be managed by private enterprise. Oh, for the great Democratic Party, the party of Thomas Jefferson, CORPORATIONS SAY I AM UNFIT." the party of individual enterprise, the party whose cornerstone was Recently a corporation lawyer of Portland, Richard W. Monthat the most sacred thing in the world was the individual and individual enterprise, the party which believed that government was organ- tague, of Wood, Montague & Hunt, made a speech at a ladies' ized solely for the purpose of preventing depredations by one individual pink tea at the home of Mrs. Thomas G. Greene, 337 Jessup to see to it that every man had a fair field and equal opportunity, and in that speech Mr. Montague told the ladies that since my upon another and that all that was necessary, for government to do was Street, which speech was printed in the Journal of October 3, (Hon. JOHN SHARP WILLIAMS, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 2a sess. 63d Cong., p. 2175.) election to Congress my conduct had been such that no self respecting man or woman could vote for me for reelection. Mr. SENATOR VARDAMAN (DEMOCRAT); OF MISSISSIPPI, DISAGREES WITH Montague lives in a precinct on Kings Heights, which precinct HIS DEMOCRATIC COLLEAGUE (SENATOR WILLIAMS) AND SAYS THE at the late primary gave me only 5 votes to 50 votes for McAr POPULIST CREED HAS BECOME THE POLITICAL FAITH OF THE NATION, criticized,' that platform of principles which they proclaimed at Omaha, high-brow neighbors, who are all corporation people and bankers. In fact, Mr. President, the Populist creed, which has been so much thur, so Mr. Montague doubtless voices the sentiment of his has been appropriated by the Democrats and stolen by the Progressives. But he made the speech in question in East Portland, which Really the creed of thať much despised and criticized political minority went for me in the late primary and where I carried one prehas now become, to a very large extent, the political faith of the Nation. (Hon. J. K. VARDAMAN, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 63a cinct 20 to 1 against McArthur. I have no fears that the sensiCong., p. 2234.) ble people of East Portland are going to be influenced by pink tea speeches delivered by this "Romeo” Montague, imported CONGRESSMAN KINDEL (DEMOCRAT), OF COLORADO, THINKS PRESIDENT from Kings Heights. WILSON AN AUTHORITY ON SYNTAX AND ETYMOLOGY, BUT IS IGNORANT FOR MEN WITH THE OVERALLS. I stand for the man who wears the overalls. He is the man While our Postmaster General takes great credit upon himself, I who has built everything in this world, on land and sea, except must say that I can not agree with the distinguished chairman of the Post Office and Post Roads Committee, who thinks that Mr. Burleson what was given to us by Almighty God. . The balance of us, if is the best man on earth. He may be that, but certainly he has not willing to serve the special interests as lawyers, doctors, mindemonstrated to me that he is the wisest in conducting the parcel post. isters, and editors, may go through life in ease and comfort, I have taken the matter up with several Cabinet officers and the hon supported, fed, clothed, and cared for by the man in the overalls. ored President himself, and while I have a great regard for the Presi The houses in which we live, the streets upon which we walk, dent, who is unquestionably an authority on syntax and etymology, he the trains in which we ride, the automobiles in which some of us admittedly knows little or nothing about the science of transportation, ride, the steaks and chickens which some of us eat, the ships in This is not the first time I have made known the inconsistencies and injustices to the powers that be. Besides this being my fourth speech which we sail, the temples in which judges hold their courtson the subject I have talked almost daily to the various heads and sub- and issue injunctions against labor unions—the palaces in heads for the past nine months... Some changes have followed, but not which millionaires and high officials reside, the great marble one of them in a logical or scientific way. Until the President realizes his mistake and sends the blundering buildings with gold domes in which laws are made, and the Postmaster General Burleson and Chairman Clark, of the Interstate cannon with which battles were fought, all come from the man Commerce Commission, one of them to punch cows in Texas and one to who wears the overalls. That man, of all others, should be punch railroad tickets in Iowa, we can not hope for any improvement. (Hon. GEORGE J. KINDEL, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 630 Cong.; honored and respected. That man, of all others, should receive pp. 2508, 2510.) sufficient salary to raise his family with dignity and with com fort. The President has stated that he does not feel at liberty The great majority work, but the few get the benefits of to take a position where the Democratic platform has not taken a posi- labor. Oh, yes; they say I am a demagogue. Is any man a tion, but he has not stated that he did feel at liberty to repudiate the demagogue who tells the truth? Is any public official a demoJAMES R. MANN, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 2d sess. 638 Cong., p. 3344.) gogue who keeps his word. If so, then I am a demagogue. Page 25
Principles of the Progressive Party. Whig, of Oliver P. Morton, who had formerly been a Demo crat, taking them from whichever old party they had formerly Col. Roosevelt's Speech at the Progressive Convention in Bay City, Mich., been associated with, because they had felt the new life stirring September 30, 1914. in their veins. In just the same way we make our appeal to the rank and file of both the old parties. We are fighting for them against the machines and the bosses. We ask them to EXTENSION OF REMARKS come in in the same spirit in which 60 years ago their intellectual and spiritual forefathers came into the then Progressive Party, the Republican Party of that day, just as Oliver P. HON. ARTHUR R. RUPLE Y Morton, the Democrat, and Abraham Lincoln, the Whig, came together. So I have been speaking in Illinois for our candi(PROGRESSIVE CONGRESSMAN AT LARGE), date for Senator, who until two years ago was a Democrat, and OF PENNSYLVANIA, in Indiana for our candidate for Senator, who until two years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ago was a Republican, and Beveridge and Robbins are both in the Progressive Party now. I spoke in Indiana on the same Wednesday, October 14, 1914. platform with our candidate for Congress in one district, until two years ago a Republican, and Shively, a kinsman of the Mr. RUPLEY. Mr. Speaker, under the leave granted to me present Democratic Senator, who is a candidate for Congress in to extend my remarks in the RECORD I include a speech of Col. Roosevelt, delivered at the Progressive Convention in Bay City, they believe in the principles for which we stand, to come in another district. We ask Republicans and Democrats alike, if Mich., September 30, 1914, on the principles of the Progressive with us, for they can render no efficient service in the old Party of the Nation, as follows: parties. Mr. Chairman and you men and women of Michigan, naturally I take a peculiar interest in Michigan. I feel under a peculiar ing stated in an editorial designed to show that we were only I have been informed that the standpat paper here this mornobligation to the people of Michigan, and, wherever else I was an adjunct of the Democracy, that I had said that we had acunable to go, to Michigan I would go [applause); and I wish complished all we wished in Maine by beating the Republican right at the outset to say how particularly glad I am to see in this audience, as in every audience I have addressed during the Party. I never made such a statement, but I have long given past fortnight, men who fought in the great war, men who up denying that kind of misstatement because it is not made fought in the late fifties and in the early sixties in founding the ceive--and when you expose one misstatement they simply from ignorance, it is made with deliberate purpose—to dethen progressive party--the Republican Party of that day. And when these as men are being true to the spirit of their youth in make another, and I only call attention to that to aid to point out the fact that our opponents have to rely on misrepresentaacting as they now do, they are being loyal to the same ideals to which they were loyal when they upheld the doings of Abra- facts to beat us, and I want to point out this further fact to our tion to beat us, not on argument but on misstatement of the ham Lincoln. Our opponents ask us to be loyal to the party of Abraham Lincoln. I ask you to be loyal to the principles of standpat friends of the Republican Party. They state that we are the adjunct of the Democracy. The Democracy is in power Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln was nearly 50 years old when he left the party in which he had spent his entire man now only because the standpatters of the Republican Party two hood because that party no longer represented, no longer stood years ago stole from the rank and file of the party their right for the vital needs of the country, and he tossed to one side the the Republican bosses and leaders, carrying out the dictates to nominate their own candidate. [Applause.] Two years ago taunts of the men who jeered at him for leaving the old party of their great sinister masters who stand behind the scenes, the ties, because, as he phrased it, his loyalty was due to the people of the United States, and he stood with the party that stood for men who in the big business world had used these politicians those needs. I continually meet nice people, worthy people, who as their agents, carrying out their dictates. The Republican say, “Oh, yes; we agree with all your principles, but we don't machine masters stole the convention, they resorted to fraud, like to leave the old party. My father was in it, or my grand- and to violence alike. One of the first and most flagrant infather was in it. We don't like to leave the old parties.” stances was what they did in this State, and I think it was in Now, I am in the grandfather class myself, I am happy to this city and in this very building. They stole delegates from say, and if 50 years hence the Progressive Party has fallen un- people we beat them out two to one. [Applause.] Although , vote taken the individuals who stole the convention here two years ago, they had the money, they had the organization, and they were and their like; if the Progressive Party has then fallen under able to make an appeal to party regularity, with those things their control, and my children and grandchildren do not leave it , gates, the standpat delegates, and I wish to call the attention ten to one The dele. prove their loyalty to us only by acting in our spirit and adopt- of the standpat newspaper to these statements of fact, the standing any instrument necessary in order that they may make their pat delegates whom it represents and for whom it spoke in the action efficient at that day; and as I trust our grandchildren Chicago Republican convention two years ago, represented will act in reference to us, so we must act in reference to our that is all [applause] ; and those people ask us to amalgamate nothing whatever but successful swindling, successful theft, forefathers. Let me just draw an illustration from military life. You see, you veterans of the big war, that Mr. WOODRUFF with them! [Applause.] They ask us to come together with and I are veterans of the little war. I want you just to look at them! We will come together with them in exactly the sense one perfectly plain, common-sense example from military his- | that a policeman comes together with a burglar. [Applause.] toryWashington not only was the founder of our Republic I want to call the attention of every Michigan sugar grower but he was the general who commanded the armies of the infant to the fact that all protection has been taken off sugar because Republic, and he got his soldiers the best weapons that the day these men of whom I have spoken, these standpatters, preferred afforded. He got them first-class flint-lock muskets. That is to see the Democracy in power rather than to see the rank and all they had then, and he did mighty well in getting them for file of their own party control the party organization. [Apthem. What would you think of an American general to-day plause.]. They are responsible for everything that has been who said that he was going to show his loyalty to Washington done, and just one word more as to our friends who say, “Oh, by arming the United States soldiers with flint-lock muskets? well, we are Progressive Republicans.” They are contradictory [Applause.] The American general to-day can not be loyal to terms. The organization of the Republican Party is more reacthe spirit and the principles of Washington except by refusing tionary than it was two years ago, because they have eliminated to adopt the weapons of Washington; and it is just so in civil the dead-game Progressives from their ranks. The organization life; you can not be loyal to the principles of Abraham Lincoln, is more stand pat, more reactionary, than it was two years ago. you can not be loyal to the principles of Thomas Jefferson, ex It is composed of men like Mr. Barnes in New York, like Mr. cept by dropping the Republican and Democratic Parties and PENROSE in Pennsylvania, like Mr. SMOOT in the Rocky Mouncoming into and battling for the only party which at this day tains, like the spiritual heirs of Mr. Lorimer in Illinois. They stands for the democracy for which Jefferson stood, for the control the organization absolutely, and if a man who has Proprinciples and policies which Abraham Lincoln represented and gressive impulses runs on their ticket and is elected all that we which he strove to enact into the Government of our Nation. accomplish is to add strength to the old, sinister reactionaries And a little later, in what I have to say to you, I am going to in charge of the Republican Party. He takes away from the speak of the men who now appeal to the memory of Jefferson strength of the Progressives, he adds to the strength of the and to the memory of Lincoln when they appeal to voters reactionary elements among our people. whom they address. When these men who are old, whom I see There is but one way in which efficiently to fight for Progreshere in the front ranks, were young, the then Progressive Party sive principles, and that is through the Progressive Party. [Apwas formed of men such as Lincoln, who had formerly been a 'plause.] Page 26
shipowner would undertake the risk of subjecting his cargo EXPORTED COTTON DEPENDS ON SURPLUS. and property to the danger of belligerent nations. No private It will be shown that in 1893 there was produced in the insurance company would undertake the hazard, and hence the United States, in round numbers, seven and one-half million Government did, for without such insurance none of our farm bales of cotton, the average price was 74 cents, and the export products or manufactured articles could be carried to foreign of cotton for that year was 5,307,000 bales; while 20 years ports or markets. This would have proved a more aggravated afterwards, to wit, in 1913, there were more than 14,000,000 bales stagnation of our own business by causing the closing down of produced, with an average price above 13 cents a pound. or our manufacturing plants and the fall in price of all products nearly double the production with nearly double the price: of the farm, and therefore, although this insurance provided by while in 1911, the largest production year in our history, there the Government will surely subject the Government to loss, were 15,600,000 bales produced in the United States and there nevertheless in the end it will mean the saving to our own were exported more than 10,000,000 bales. It is true that while people of millions of dollars by providing transportation to a the European war continues the foreign demand for raw cotton foreign port, but in principle is“ paternalism,” yet wise. Now, will be greatly limited; but the war can not last so long as to no bank can afford to finance the farmer, and therefore the render this surplus valueless, and then there will be an inGovernment must do it. In the case of our citizens going to creased demand, if the product is in existence for use. More. Mexico and the tourists to Europe they themselves were respon: over, I call your attention to the fact that twenty-odd years ago sible for the condition in which they found themselves, and yet Japan took no cotton from us. To-day she takes a half million the Government came to their aid—“ paternalism” again. The bales, with a constant annual increase in that demand. We farmer is not responsible for the war nor for the present crisis taught the Japanese how to make and eat bread. Up until the which creates no demand from abroad for his cotton, and, like opening of the ports in 1863 they lived on tea, fish, and rice. Now the shipping industry, an emergency has arisen which neither she takes millions of bushels of our wheat and has established the farmer nor any individual can meet, and therefore it is in Japan several large flouring mills. China is making like right and wholly proper for the strong arm of the Government strides toward the use of our products, and has begun to use to save its citizens from bankruptcy and ruin by the enactment our cotton, and bids fair to make a greater progress in the next of the bill prepared by the congressional cotton conference I 20 years than has Japan in the past 20; and if she does, 20 years hitherto recited. The Government can not sustain loss, nor from to-day, because of her great population China alone will will it be subject to any great hazard, such as it will in its demand the present cotton production of the United States. policy of marine insurance on war risks. We have not hesitated with the opening of the Panama Canal, with wise shipping laws to appropriate money—an absolute gift--to Salem fire suffer and a greater American merchant marine, the logic of events ers, just as some years ago the Congress made a like gift of would indicate that 20 years from now the world will demand $1,000,000 to the earthquake sufferers of California. What is 30,000,000 bales of cotton, and when the world demands it, or the distinction between this gift and the aid thus requested for 50,000,000 or 75,000,000 bales, the South can produce it, and the cotton farmer? The distinction is only this, that in the case of this increased demand from the present growth must inevitably the cotton farmer the money will be returned to the Government, foliow if we do not invoke an unsound economic policy of trying while in the other cases enumerated all the people of the land to destroy the cotton production in the South. The fact that must return it in the form of taxes. there is a surplus from year to year only will give a greater The argument of some gentlemen as to the powers of govern- guaranty to the industries in foreign lands who demand cotton. ment would lead us to believe their contention to be that no There must be that constant surplus to insure constant foreign money ought to be paid out of the Treasury except to compen- increase in the use of cotton. Spinners have no use for idle sate some public officer. I say to you this is one of the least mills. Spasmodic production would prove unwise and tend to justified uses of public money, and if government can not come check such constant demand. to the rescue of any class, and particularly that class. who feed The abnormal surplus during the entire decade from 1890 to the world, who fight all the battles of the world, and upon whom 1900, while causing the lowest price of cotton in our history, the greatest burden of civilization must needs always rest, then nevertheless also had its compensatory result in this-it made it is not a wise and just government. Then has come the possible a demand for double the world's use of cotton in 20 proper time to dissolve the social compact into its origi years. nal elements and to found a new government upon such We must give foreign spinners abiding faith in our ability forms and under such principles as will meet the ends for and willingness to produce ample supply of the raw cotton if we which government was created. You interpose the objection would expect them to increase their capacity. This is why they “ paternalism.'' Granted that it is even so; but we have, in the called for 10,000,000 bales of the stupendous production of the payment of pensions, the drainage of swamp lands, the irriga- year 1911. British spinners realized this in their recent protion of the arid lands of the West, the appropriation to sup- posal that the Governments of Great Britain and of the United press the foot-and-mouth disease of the New England States States should form some kind of cotton pool to take from the and the cotton-boll weevil of the South, extending aid to market every year any surplus and hold it for the years when European tourists, aiding sufferers from flood, fire, pestilence, needed. Therefore, from this standpoint, it is econoinically unand drought, and numerous other ways, already entered upon sound in the final analysis, for the future prosperity of the cot“ precedents” of “ paternalism." Do you say that this is not ton grower, to attempt abnormal reduction of the crop. True the function of government? What is the function of gov- enough, such reduction now would tend to raise the price of coternment, anyway? My conception of government is that gov: ton, but in like proportion would it reduce the demand in the ernment began when the citizen could not aid himself and that years to follow to such an extent that even in the times of government was created to do any and all things for the people peace we would suffer from low price of cotton. The only wise which they can not do for themselves; that its purposes is, by solution is to take from the market enough cotton to bring up mutual aid and assistance and by their combined strength, to pro- the present price that spinners in foreign lands may know that vide for mutual defense and protection; to alleviate the hard when they are ready to pay a fair and equitable price the raw ships of the people, or any portion of their number; to serve cotton can be had. Why is this not a governmental function? the people and make them prosperous and happy. If this is ENGLISII SPINNER'S VIEW. not the end for which government was created, then we have Just, to show you the foreign spinner's view, permit me to no need for it. If our Government will not permit of this, would it not be the part of wisdom so to change it that it will quote from a letter to A. S. Terrell, of Chicago, written on Au gust 31 by Sir Charles Macara, president of the International permit of such mutual helpfulness? Federation of Master Cotton Spinners and Manufacturers' AssoPICKPOCKETS OF COMMERCE. . ciation, who is considered the highest authority in England on It is just such a crisis as this that the strong can, under legal the cotton industry and whose opinion is regarded as the last form, rob the weak. Always in times of war the crook and the word upon the subject. He says: pickpocket has full immunity to pilfer and steal; calling him- The purpose of this letter is to confirm to you the statement made by self the "home guard," he is free to rob his neighbors or, like a our secretary on Saturday that it would be a great calamity if, owing to the European war, the cotton farmers of the United States of thief, picks the pockets and pilfers the dead and wounded upon America were ruined. Their ruin will certainly be brought about unless the battle field. Just so with great financial crises the thieves steps are taken by the Government of the United States of America, in combination with large financial houses, to hold back several million and pickpockets of commerce take advantage of the man least bales of cotton. It must be borne in mind that if the war lasts longer able to take care of himself, and the thieves and pickpockets than the end of this year there will be a surplus of American cotton of among every class will take advantage of just such times as some 5,000,000 bales; and this must necessarily have a depreciating these. This should not be permitted; but only the strong arm effect on the price of American cotton. It is neither to the interest of the cotton spinners of the world nor to that of the United States of of the Government can prevent. Gentlemen may interpose the America as a nation that the price of cotton be reduced to such a low objection that to do so violates "precedent” and is “pater-level as, say, 6 or 8 cents. nalistic,” but we should prevent such wrongs, if it requires the I recognize more fully than perhaps anyone else the very serious situation, having-in consequence of my various public positions, and making of a “precedent” or the adoption for a little while of a especially as president of the International Cotton Federation-been bit of “ paternalism." obliged to give a very close study and attention to the question of the |
The erie canal was a benefit to new york, but it did not have much impact elsewhere.
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