Which of the following expression correctly represent 1st law of thermodynamics in isothermal process for a system of ideal gas?

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Option 2 : Adiabatic process: ΔU = -w

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90 Questions 360 Marks 180 Mins

Concept:

The equation for the first law of thermodynamics is:

ΔU = q + w

Where, ΔU is Change in internal energy

q is Heat added to the system and

w is Work done by the system

1. Cyclic process:

This process starts and ends with same thermodynamic state.

ΔE = 0 ⇒ ΔU = w

2. Adiabatic process:

In this process, there is no heat transfer between the system and its environment.

q = 0 ⇒ΔU = w

3. Isochoric process:

In this process, there is no change in volume.

ΔV = 0

w = PΔV = 0

On substituting in the 1st law formula, we get,

ΔU = q

4. Isothermal process:

In this process, there is no change in temperature.

ΔT = 0

ΔU = nCV ΔT (Another formula for change in internal energy)

⇒ ΔU = 0

On substituting in the 1st law formula, we get,

⇒ 0 = q + w

∴ q = -w

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