What is true of the corrupting influence of power?

Acton J. E. E. D. (1906). Acton-Creighton correspondence. In Figgis J. N., Laurence R. V. (Eds.), Lectures on modern history (pp. 357-373). London, England: Macmillan; Retrieved from http://lf-oll.s3.amazonaws.com/titles/2254/Acton_PowerCorrupts1524_EBk_v6.0.pdf (Original work published 1887) [Google Scholar]

Anderson C., Brion S. (2014). Perspectives on power in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 67-97. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091259 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Anderson C., John O. P., Keltner D. (2012). The personal sense of power. Journal of Personality, 80, 313-344. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00734.x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Anderson C. A., Bushman B. J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 53, 27-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Bennett R. J., Robinson S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 349-360. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.349 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Blader S. L., Chen Y. R. (2012). Differentiating the effects of status and power: A justice perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 994-1014. doi: 10.1037/a0026651 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Blader S. L., Shirako A., Chen Y. R. (2016). Looking out from the top: Differential effects of status and power on perspective taking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42, 723-737. doi: 10.1177/0146167216636628 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Brown T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]

Brunell A. B., Davis M. S., Schley D. R., Eng A. L., van Dulmen M. H. M., Wester K. L., Flannery D. J. (2013). A new measure of interpersonal exploitativeness. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, Article 299. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00299 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Bukowski M., de Lemus S., Rodriguez-Bailón R., Willis G. B. (2017). Who’s to blame? Causal attributions of the economic crisis and personal control. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 20, 909-923. doi: 10.1177/1368430216638529 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Buss A. H., Perry M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Cartwright D., Zander A. (1968). Group dynamics: Research and theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harper & Row. [Google Scholar]

Cichocka A. (2016). Understanding defensive and secure in-group positivity: The role of collective narcissism. European Review of Social Psychology, 27, 283-317. doi: 10.1080/10463283.2016.1252530 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Cichocka A., Dhont K., Makwana A. P. (2017). On self-love and outgroup hate: Opposite effects of narcissism on prejudice via social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. European Journal of Personality, 31, 366-384. doi: 10.1002/per.2114 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Cichocka A., Golec de, Zavala A., Marchlewska M., Bilewicz M., Jaworska M., Olechowski M. (in press). Personal control decreases narcissistic but increases non-narcissistic in-group positivity. Journal of Personality. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12328 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Cislak A. (2013). Effects of power on social perception: All your boss can see is agency. Social Psychology, 44, 139-147. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000139 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Deci E. L., Ryan R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum. [Google Scholar]

Deci E. L., Ryan R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory, 11, 227-268. doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Emerson R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27, 31-41. doi: 10.2307/2089716 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Faris R., Felmlee D. (2011). Status struggles. American Socio-logical Review, 76, 48-73. doi: 10.1177/0003122410396196 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Fast N. J., Chen S. (2009). When the boss feels inadequate: Power, incompetence, and aggression. Psychological Science, 20, 1406-1413. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02452.x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Fast N. J., Gruenfeld D. H., Sivanathan N., Galinsky A. D. (2009). Illusory control: A generative force behind power’s far-reaching effects. Psychological Science, 20, 502-508. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02311.x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Fast N. J., Sivanathan N., Mayer N. D., Galinsky A. D. (2012). Power and overconfident decision-making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 117, 249-260. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.11.009 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Fiske S. T. (1993). Controlling other people: The impact of power on stereotyping. The American Psychologist, 48, 621-628. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.48.6.621 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

French J. R. P., Raven B. (1959). The bases of social power. In Cartwright D. (Ed.), Studies in social power (pp. 150-167). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. [Google Scholar]

Fritsche I., Jonas E., Ablasser C., Beyer M., Kuban J., Manger A.-M., Schultz M. (2013). The power of we: Evidence for group-based control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 19-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.014 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Fritz M. S., MacKinnon D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18, 233-239. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Gagné M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behavior engagement. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 199-223. doi: 10.1023/A:1025007614869 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Galinsky A. D., Gruenfeld D. H., Magee J. C. (2003). From power to action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 453-466. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.453 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Galinsky A. D., Magee J. C., Gruenfeld D. H., Whitson J. A., Liljenquist K. A. (2008). Power reduces the press of the situation: Implications for creativity, conformity, and dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1450-1466. doi: 10.1037/a0012633 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Galinsky A. D., Magee J. C., Inesi M. E., Gruenfeld D. H. (2006). Power and perspectives not taken. Psychological Science, 17, 1068-1074. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01824.x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Georgesen J. C., Harris M. J. (1998). Why’s my boss always holding me down? A meta-analysis of power effects on performance evaluations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 184-195. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_3 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Gerevich J., Bácskai E., Czobor P. (2007). The generalizability of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16, 124-136. doi: 10.1002/mpr.221 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Goodwin S. A., Gubin A., Fiske S. T., Yzerbyt V. Y. (2000). Power can bias impression processes: Stereotyping subordinates by default and by design. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 3, 227-256. doi: 10.1177/1368430200003003001 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Greenaway K. H., Storrs K. R., Philipp M. C., Louis W. R., Hornsey M. J., Vohs K. D. (2015). Loss of control stimulates approach motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 56, 235-241. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.10.009 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Gruenfeld D. H., Inesi M. E., Magee J. C., Galinsky A. D. (2008). Power and the objectification of social targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 111-127. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.111 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Guinote A. (2007). Power and goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1076-1087. doi: 10.1177/0146167207301011 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Guinote A., Brown M., Fiske S. T. (2006). Minority status decreases sense of control and increases interpretive processing. Social Cognition, 24, 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2006.24.2.169 [Google Scholar]

Guinote A., Cotzia I., Sandhu S., Siwa P. (2015). Social status modulates prosocial behavior and egalitarianism in preschool children and adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 731-736. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1414550112 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Guinote A., Vescio T. K. (2010). Introduction: Power in social psychology. In Guinote A., Vescio T. K. (Eds.), The social psychology of power (pp. 1-16). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]

Hildreth J. A., Anderson C. (2016). Failure at the top: How power undermines collaborative performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110, 261-286. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000045 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Hobbes T. (2002). Leviathan: Or, the matter, form, & power of a common-wealth ecclesiastical and civil. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm (Original work published 1651)

Howard J. A., Blumstein P., Schwartz P. (1986). Sex, power, and influence tactics in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 102-109. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.102 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Inesi M. E., Botti S., Dubois D., Rucker D. D., Galinsky A. D. (2011). Power and choice: Their dynamic interplay in quenching the thirst for personal control. Psychological Science, 22, 1042-1048. doi: 10.1177/0956797611413936 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Inesi M. E., Gruenfeld D. H., Galinsky A. D. (2012). How power corrupts relationships: Cynical attributions for others’ generous acts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 795-803. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.01.008 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Kay A. C., Whitson J. A., Gaucher D., Galinsky A. D. (2009). Compensatory control: Achieving order through the mind, our institutions, and the heavens. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 264-268. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01649.x [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Keltner D., Gruenfeld D. H., Anderson C. (2003). Power, approach, and inhibition. Psychological Review, 110, 265-284. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.265 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Kipnis D. (1972). Does power corrupt? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 33-41. doi: 10.1037/h0033390 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Kipnis D., Castell P. J., Gergen M., Mauch D. (1976). Metamorphic effects of power. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 127-135. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.61.2.127 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Korndörfer M., Egloff B., Schmukle S. C. (2015). A large scale test of the effect of social class on prosocial behavior. PLoS ONE, 10(7), e0133193. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133193 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Lammers J., Galinsky A. D., Gordijn E. H., Otten S. (2008). Illegitimacy moderates the effects of power on approach. Psychological Science, 19, 558-564. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02123.x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Lammers J., Stapel D., Galinsky A. (2010). Power increases hypocrisy. Psychological Science, 21, 737-744. doi: 10.1177/0956797610368810 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Lammers J., Stoker J. I., Jordan J., Pollmann M., Stapel D. A. (2011). Power increases infidelity among men and women. Psychological Science, 22, 1191-1197. doi: 10.1177/0956797611416252 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Lammers J., Stoker J. I., Rink F., Galinsky A. D. (2016). To have control over or to be free from others? The desire for power reflects a need for autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42, 498-512. doi: 10.1177/0146167216634064 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Lammers J., Stoker J. I., Stapel D. A. (2009). Differentiating social and personal power: Opposite effects on stereotyping, but parallel effects on behavioral approach tendencies. Psychological Science, 20, 1543-1549. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02479.x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Leach S., Weick M., Lammers J. (2017). Does influence beget autonomy? Clarifying the relationship between social and personal power. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 1, 5-14. doi: 10.1002/jts5.5 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

MacKinnon D. P., Krull J. L., Lockwood C. M. (2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 1, 173-181. doi: 10.1023/A:1026595011371 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Magee J. C., Galinsky A. D., Gruenfeld D. H. (2007). Power, propensity to negotiate, and moving first in competitive interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 200-212. doi: 10.1177/0146167206294413 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Maner J. K., Mead N. L. (2010). The essential tension between leadership and power: When leaders sacrifice group goals for the sake of self-interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 482-497. doi: 10.1037/a0018559 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Muthén L. K., Muthén B. O. (2017). MPlus: Statistical analysis with latent variables user’s guide (8th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author. [Google Scholar]

Overbeck J. R., Park B. (2001). When power does not corrupt: Superior individuation processes among powerful perceivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 549-565. doi: 10.1037//0O22-3514.81.4.549 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Overbeck J. R., Tiedens L. Z., Brion S. (2006). The powerful want to, the powerless have to: Perceived constraint moderates causal attributions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 479-496. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.353 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Paulhus D. L., Robins R. W., Trzesniewski K. H., Tracy J. L. (2004). Two replicable suppressor situations in personality research. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 303-328. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_7 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Piff P. K., Kraus M. W., Côté S., Cheng B. H., Keltner D. (2010). Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 771-784. doi: 10.1037/a0020092 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Raven B. H. (2008). The bases of power and the power/interaction model of interpersonal influence. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 8, 1-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.x [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Rogow A. A., Lasswell H. D. (1963). Power, corruption, and rectitude. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. [Google Scholar]

Russell B. (1938). Power: A new social analysis. London, England: Allen & Unwin. [Google Scholar]

Ryan R. M., Deci E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Sassenberg K., Ellemers N., Scheepers D. (2012). The attraction of social power: The influence of construing power as opportunity versus responsibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 550-555. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.11.008 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

See K. E., Morrison E. W., Rothman N. B., Soll J. B. (2011). The detrimental effects of power on confidence, advice taking, and accuracy. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116, 272-285. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.07.006 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Spreitzer G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442-1465. doi: 10.2307/256865 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Tabachnick B. G., Fidell L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. [Google Scholar]

van Kleef G. A., Oveis C., van der Löwe I., LuoKogan A., Goetz J., Keltner D. (2008). Power, distress, and compassion. Psychological Science, 19, 1315-1322. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02241.x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Van Vugt M., Hogan R., Kaiser R. B. (2008). Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past. The American Psychologist, 63, 182-196. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.3.182 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Weinstein N., Ryan R. M. (2010). When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 222-244. doi: 10.1037/a0016984 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Westfall J., Yarkoni T. (2016). Statistically controlling for confounding constructs is harder than you think. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0152719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152719 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Whitson J. A., Galinsky A. D. (2008). Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science, 322(5898), 115-117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Workplace Bullying Institute. (2014). U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey. Retrieved from http://workplacebullying.org/multi/pdf/WBI-2014-US-Survey.pdf

Zimbardo P. G. (1973). On the ethics of intervention in human psychological research: With special reference to the Stanford Prison Experiment. Cognition, 2, 243-256. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(72)90014-5 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]