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From: The relationship between ethical climate and nursing service behavior in public and private hospitals: a cross-sectional study in China

Demographics n % In-role service behaviors Extra-role service behaviors
M ± SD F/t p M ± SD F/t p
Gender     0.410 0.522   0.578 0.447
Female 523 94.7 4.16 ± 0.93    3.64 ± 1.03   
Male 36 5.3 4.06 ± 0.89    3.50 ± 1.16   
Clinical tenure (years)     21.828 0.000   7.150 0.000
≤ 5 290 51.9 3.83 ± 1.11    3.43 ± 1.12   
6–10 148 26.5 4.51 ± 0.53    3.72 ± 0.95   
11–15 46 8.2 4.54 ± 0.45    4.00 ± 0.68   
16–20 19 3.4 4.43 ± 0.31    4.16 ± 0.64   
> 20 56 10.0 4.53 ± 0.37    3.92 ± 0.92   
Age     478.859 0.000   91.140 0.000
≤ 20 58 7.1 1.84 ± 0.48    1.90 ± 0.45   
21–30 309 57.4 4.40 ± 0.50    3.79 ± 0.90   
31–40 129 25.4 4.46 ± 0.52    3.78 ± 0.93   
> 40 63 10.1 4.48 ± 0.41    4.08 ± 0.74   
Education level     65.968 0.000   15.140 0.000
Certificate (technical school) 102 18.2 3.17 ± 1.27    3.10 ± 1.22   
Junior college 171 30.6 4.26 ± 0.92    3.56 ± 1.06   
Bachelor’s degree 274 49.0 4.46 ± 0.42    3.84 ± 0.88   
Master’s degree or above 12 2.1 4.22 ± 0.39    4.19 ± 0.58   
Professional title     43.352 0.000   7.610 0.001
Primary nurse 289 51.7 3.83 ± 1.12    3.46 ± 1.12   
Junior nurse 178 31.8 4.50 ± 0.49    3.81 ± 0.96   
Senior nurse 92 16.5 4.54 ± 0.42    3.79 ± 0.82   
Position     1.671 0.189   0.122 0.885
General nurse 180 32.2 4.09 ± 1.04    3.63 ± 1.02   
Unit manager 296 53.0 4.22 ± 0.84    3.61 ± 1.02   
Supervisor or director 83 14.8 4.07 ± 1.04    3.67 ± 1.14   
Employment type     7.313 0.001   67.203 0.000
Formal 384 68.7 4.06 ± 1.09    3.32 ± 1.07   
Contracted 97 17.4 4.32 ± 0.29    4.27 ± 0.50   
Temporary 78 13.8 4.43 ± 0.33    4.35 ± 0.50   
Hospital ownership     21.451 0.000   0.970 0.325
Public hospital 393 70.3 4.29 ± 0.83    3.62 ± 1.02   
Private hospital 166 29.7 3.85 ± 1.08    3.65 ± 1.08