Lesson 2 growing resentment against Britain Answer key

1 Growing Resentment against Britain
Topic 3 Lesson 2 Growing Resentment against Britain

2 I. Conflict over land With the French gone, many British colonists headed west to claim the land for themselves. Many native American tribes lived in the Ohio Valley 1. Shawnee 2. Ottawa 3. Miami Huron C. Colonists moving to the valley often clashed with Indians D Lord Jeffery Amherst was sent by the British government to keep order in its N. American colonies. E. British treated the Natives very differently than the French 1. French had treated them like friends and never built on native land 2. British raised prices on goods traded to Indians and allowed settlers to build on their land

3 II. Pontiac’s WAr Angry natives found a leader in an Ottawa Chief named Pontiac who spoke out against the British. Led attacks on British troops at Ft. Detroit and other forts in Ohio Country. Captured most of the forts in a few short months. But, the British and colonial troops were able to regain what had been lost. B. Proclamation of drew an imaginary line along the crest of the Appalachian Mts. that colonists were forbidden to settle west of. (All settlers who were already there were to ‘remove themselves ‘ at once) Created other areas where colonists could settle Angered many colonists-NY, VA and PA had land claims in the Ohio Valley British troops were sent to enforce proclamation. Many of them stayed in cities near the Atlantic (colonists were expected to pay for them) Many Colonists ignored it and moved west anyway.

4 III. Britain imposes new taxes
French and Indian war sent Britain into serious debt. British citizens saw their taxes increase greatly. British Prime Minister, George Grenville decided that the colonists should share tax burden. He felt that the colonists would not mind a small tax increase. (mercantilism) 1764- Parliament passed the Sugar Act. Put a tax on molasses 1. replaced an earlier tax on molasses that was much higher 2. The new tax was lower and made it easier for British officials to catch smugglers

5 D. 1765- Parliament passed the Stamp Act
1. placed new taxes on legal documents like wills, diplomas and marriage licenses 2. it also taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing cards and dice 3. Items had to have a stamp to prove that the tax had been paid. First time American colonies had to pay such a tax IV. Reaction to the Stamp Act British officials were met with angry protests when they tried to enforce the Stamp Act. British were shocked! They had spent a lot of money defending the colonies against the French. Brits at home were paying higher taxes. Why were they upset?

6 C. Colonists felt the taxes were unjust and unnecessary and went against the idea of “No taxation without representation” (Magna Carta) Colonists believed only their representatives could tax them (willing to pay if their legislatures passed them) Felt that mercantilist policies restricted trade and reduced income D. Stamp Act Congress- October 1765 , delegates from 9 colonies met in new your city 1. Delegates drew up a petition to King George III and Parliament 2. Rejected the Stamp Act and asserted that Parliament had no right to tax them 3. Parliament ignored it

7 E. Colonist then chose to boycott (refuse to buy) British goods
British trade fell 14%, merchants were facing ruin and British Workers were being laid off. 1766-British gov’t repealed the Stamp Act AND passed an act that said Parliament had the right to raise taxes in “all cases whatsoever”

8 V. Townshend Act May 1767-Parliament reopened the debate about taxing the colonists June 1767 the Townshend Act was passed which taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead and tea Taxes were low, but colonists still believed that Parliament had no right to tax without their consent. In order to stop smuggling, Parliament passed the writs of assistance. 1. allowed British officials to search ships and cargo without reason 2. Colonists felt that this violated their rights as English citizens E. Colonial merchants and farmers agreed to stop importing goods taxed by the Townshend Act

9 VI. Colonial Protest To protest British policies, some angry colonists formed the Sons and Daughters of Liberty 1. Sons of Liberty a. staged mock hangings of straw or cloth likenesses of British officials b. showed tax collectors what would happen if they tried to collect the tax 2. Daughters of Liberty a. they paraded and signed petitions b. Boycotted British cloth –encouraged women to raise their own sheep and make their own cloth (“It is better to wear a homespun coat than to lose our liberty”)

10 Colonial Leaders Samuel Adams-From Boston, hated British govt., loved politics, failed businessman and a poor public speaker. Great organizer of people. Started committees of correspondence John Adams-Sam’s cousin, Schoolteacher, skilled lawyer, knowledge of the law helped with protests Mercy Otis Warren-female, wrote plays that made fun of British officials , plays were published in newspapers Abigail Adams- John Adam’s wife, helped Warren write plays, worked for greater rights for women in the colonies George Washington-Member of VA House of Burgesses, protested Townshend Acts Patrick Henry –lawyer who aided in understanding British law . His speeches moved people

11 Colonial leaders

12 VII. Boston Massacre Background
1. Under the Quartering Act, colonists Had to provide housing for soldiers stationed in the colonies. NY refused to obey. 2. In Boston, two regiments were sent to protect customs officials from the locals. It was just another reminder of Britain bullying them to pay unfair taxes. B. March a crowd gathered outside the Boston customs house. People were yelling at the soldiers and began to throw snowballs and ice chunks at the soldiers. C. The crowd grew and got rowdier, soldiers panicked and fired into the crowd. 5 people died-Samuel Maverick -17 white youth and Crispus Attucks, a free black sailor (among first to die)

13 D. Colonists were quick to protest. Called it the Boston Massacre.
1. Paul Revere made engravings that showed the event 2. Sam Adams wrote letters to other colonists to build outrage E. Soldiers were arrested and put on trial. John Adams defended them in court saying they deserved a fair trial. (Worst punishment-branding on the hand) March 5, 1770-British Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts and the Quartering Act (boycott had worked!!) King George III asked the at the tax on tea be kept For a few tears, things were calm. Basic issue wasn’t fixed- Britain’s ability to tax the colonists. This got people to thinking.