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Addison’s Disease NCLEX Review and Nursing Care Plans Addison’s disease is a condition wherein there is a decreased production of adrenal hormones; it is also known as adrenal insufficiency. The adrenal glands are situated just above the kidneys and they are part of the endocrine system. In Addison’s disease, the adrenal glands produce very low levels of cortisol and aldosterone. If left untreated, Addison’s disease may result to acute adrenal failure, also called Addisonian crisis. Signs and Symptoms of Addison’s disease In Addisonian crisis, the patient may also have: Causes and Risk Factors of Addison’s DiseaseAddison’s disease features a low production of adrenal hormones, which results to the poor regulation of important body functions, such as the conversion of food to energy by the glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol), imbalance of sodium and potassium due to low levels of its regulator, the mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone), and reduced sex drive (libido) and male sexual development problems due to small amounts of sex hormones. Some risk factors that are related to the development of Addison’s disease include history of tuberculosis, adrenal gland infection or cancer, or bleeding. Complications of Addison’s DiseaseInfection, injury, or other forms of physical stress may trigger Addisonian crisis in patients with untreated Addison’s disease. In response to physical stress, the adrenal glands usually secrete 2-3 times more cortisol than normal. However, Addison’s disease patients are unable to do this kind of response, causing a fatal adrenal gland failure, which includes hypotension, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia. Diagnosis of Addison’s Disease
Treatment for Addison’s Disease
Nursing Diagnosis for Addison’s DiseaseNursing Care Plan for Addison’s Disease 1Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume related to increased water and sodium secretion and potassium retention Desired Outcome: The patient will have adequate fluid balance as evidenced by urinary output of more than 30 mL/hr, normal skin turgor, and stable vital signs.
Nursing Care Plan for Addison’s Disease 2Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge related to new diagnosis of Addison’s disease as evidenced by patient’s verbalization of “I want to know more about my new diagnosis and care” Desired Outcome: At the end of the health teaching session, the patient will be able to demonstrate sufficient knowledge of Addison’s disease and its management.
Nursing Care Plan for Addison’s Disease 3Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output related to reduced work of the left ventricle of the heart secondary to Addison’s disease. Desired Outcomes:
Nursing Care Plan for Addison’s Disease 4Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements related to loss of appetite, low tolerance to fluids, and decreased gastrointestinal enzymes secondary to Addison’s disease as evidenced by decreased weight, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Desired Outcomes:
Nursing Care Plan for Addison’s Disease 5Fatigue Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue related to a decreased capacity for physical and mental work secondary to Addison’s disease as evidenced by verbal reports of lethargy and exhaustion. Desired Outcomes:
Nursing ReferencesAckley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B., Makic, M. B., Martinez-Kratz, M. R., & Zanotti, M. (2020). Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. L. (2022). Nursing care plans: Diagnoses, interventions, & outcomes. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2020). Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Silvestri, L. A. (2020). Saunders comprehensive review for the NCLEX-RN examination. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Disclaimer:Please follow your facilities guidelines and policies and procedures. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. This information is not intended to be nursing education and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. |