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Eating Disorders are illnesses that are characterized by irregular eating habits and extreme distress or concern about body weight or shape. Eating disturbances may involve inadequate or excessive food intake which can basically cause harm to a person’s well-being. The most common forms of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, pica, rumination disorder, avoidant or restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED). Read this study guide and learn more about eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), its nursing care management, interventions, and assessment. What are Eating Disorders?Eating disorders are characterized by a repeated disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly diminishes physical health or psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders can be viewed on a continuum, with clients with anorexia nervosa eating too little or starving themselves, client with bulimia eating chaotically, and clients with obesity eating too much.
Types of Eating DisordersThe most common eating disorders found in the mental health setting are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, pica, rumination disorder, avoidant or restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED).
CausesA specific cause for eating disorders is unknown; initially, dieting may be the stimulus that leads to their development.
Statistics and IncidencesObesity has been identified as a major health problem in the United States; some call it an epidemic. Millions of women are either starving themselves or engaging in chaotic eating patterns that can lead to death.
Clinical ManifestationsThe following are the signs and symptoms of eating disorders: Symptoms of anorexia nervosa include:
Symptoms of bulimia nervosa include:
Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsThe following diagnostic tests and assessment cues are commonly used for patients suspected with eating disorders:
Medical ManagementMedical management focuses on weight restoration, nutritional rehabilitation, rehydration, and correction of electrolyte imbalances.
Pharmacologic ManagementSeveral classes of drugs have been studied, but few have shown clinical success.
Nursing Management for Eating DisordersNursing care for a client with eating disorder include the following: Nursing AssessmentAlthough anorexia and bulimia have several differences, many similarities are found when assessing.
Nursing DiagnosisNursing diagnoses for clients with eating disorders include the following: Nursing Care Planning and GoalsNursing care plans and goals for clients with eating disorders: For the main article, visit: 7 Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nursing Care Plans.
Nursing InterventionsNursing interventions for clients with eating disorders are:
EvaluationGoals are met as evidenced by:
Documentation GuidelinesDocumentation in a client with eating disorder include:
Practice Quiz: Eating DisordersPlease visit our nursing test bank page for more NCLEX practice questions. 1. Nurse Naomi observes Ashley who is hospitalized on an eating disorder unit during mealtimes and for 1 hour after eating. An explanation for this intervention is: A. To reinforce the behavioral contactB. To prevent purging behaviorsC. To develop a trusting relationship D. To maintain focus on the importance of nutrition 1. Answer: B. To prevent purging behaviors.
2. Caroline is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and is admitted to the special eating disorder unit. The initial treatment priority for her is: A. To promote the client’s independenceB. To determine her current body imageC. To identify family interaction patterns D. To initiate a refeeding program 2. Answer: D. To initiate a refeeding program.
3. Nurse Donald is planning a psychoeducational discussion for a group of adolescent clients with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following topics would Nurse Donald select to enhance understanding about central issues in this disorder? A. Peer pressure and substance abuseB. Self-esteem and self-controlC. Anger management D. Parental expectations 3. Answer: B. Self-esteem and self-control
4. Nurse Eugenia understands that her client Michelle who is bulimic feels shame and guilt over binge eating and purging. This disorder is therefore considered: A. Ego-dystonicB. Ego-enhancingC. Ego-syntonic D. Ego-distorting 4. Answer: A. Ego-dystonic.
5. The psychoanalytic theory explains the etiology of anorexia nervosa as: A. Family dynamics that lead to enmeshment of membersB. The achievement of secondary gain through control of eatingC. The incorporation of thinness as an ideal body image D. A conflict between mother and child over separation and individualization 5. Answer: D. A conflict between mother and child over separation and individualization.
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