Term organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with mental development | | Definition |
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Term the process by which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking | | Definition |
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Term changes in existing way of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or events | | Definition |
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Term During this period, the various reflexes that determine the infant's interactions with the world are at the center of its cognitive life. | | Definition Substage 1: Simple reflexes (first month of life) | |
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Term At this age infants begin to coordinate what were separate actions into single, integrated activities. | | Definition Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions (1-4 months) | |
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Term During this period , infants take major strides in shifting their cognitive horizons beyond themselves and begin to act on the outside world. | | Definition Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions (4-8 months)
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Term In this stage infants begin to use more caculated approaches to producing events, coordinating several schemes to generate a single act. they achieve object performance during this stage | | Definition Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions (8-12 months) | |
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Term At this age infants develop what Piaget regards as the deliverate variation of actions that bring desirable consequences. Rather than just repeating enjoyable activities, infants appear to carry out miniature experiments to observe the consequences. | | Definition Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months) | |
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Term The major achievement of Substage 6 is the capacity for mental representation, or symbolic thought. Piaget argued that only at this stage can infants imagine where objects that they cannot see might be. | | Definition Sustage 6: Beginnings of thought (18 month-2yrs)
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Term The sucking reflex causes the infant to suck at anything placed in its lips. This is an example of what substage? | | Definition Substage 1: Simple reflexes | |
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Term An infant might combine grasping an object with sucking on it, or staring at something with touching it. This is an example of what substage? | | Definition Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions | |
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Term A child who repeatedly picks up a rattle and shakes it in different ways to see how the sound changes is demonstrating her ability to modify her cognitive scheme about shaking rattles. This is an example of what substage? | | Definition Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions | |
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Term An infant will push one toy out of the way to reach another toy that is lying, partially exposed, under it. This is an example of what substage? | | Definition Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions | |
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Term A child will drop a toy repeatedly, varying the position from which he drops it, carefully observing each time to see where it falls. | | Definition Sustage 5: Tertiary circular reactions | |
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Term Children can plot in their heads unseen trajectories of objects, so that if a ball rolls under a piece of furniture, they can figure out where it is likely to emerge on the other side. This is an example of what substage? | | Definition Substage 6: Beginnings of thought | |
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Term making speech-like meaningless sounds | | Definition |
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Term one-word utterances that stand for a whole phrase, whose meaning depends on the particular context in which they are used | | Definition |
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Term speech in which words not critical to the message are left out | | Definition |
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Term the overly restrictive use of words; common amoung children just mastering spoken language | | Definition |
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Term the overly broad use of words, overgeneralizing their meaning | | Definition |
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Term gestures, vocalizations, facial expressions, and body language (prior to language) | | Definition prelinguistic communication | |
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Term the theory that language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning | | Definition learning theory approach to language (Skinner) | |
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Term the theory that a genetically determined, innate mechanism directs language development | | Definition nativist approach to language (Chomsky) | |
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Term a type of speech directed toward infants; characterized by short simple sentences | | Definition |
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Term infant-directed speech as formally known as | | Definition motherese because it was assumed that it applied only to mothers | |
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