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Physics has exposed to us the different motion of a body. How motion occurs on objects, how an object under motion can be stopped. All these have been explained in my previous article. Well, the answer beyond all these is Force. Force and motion work hand on hand. Let have a brief knowledge of Force and Motion as well as their relation.
Force
Force is said to be an attribute of physical action or movement or a push or pull acting on an object. It occurs when to items are in contact. The universal law of gravitation has explained that every object in this universe exerts a force on others. It is given by the following parameter:
- SI unit of Force: newton(N) or kg.m/s2
- Symbol of Force: F
- Type of quantity: Vector quantity
- Dimensional Formula: M1L1T-2
- Other units: dyne, pound-force, kilopond, poundal, kip
In physic, objects are said to exert forces on each other, when there are two objects of mass M and m. if these objects are kept in a way that the object with mass m is placed over the object with mass M. this is to say, there is a force of interaction when two or more bodies are kept on each other.
Motion
The movement of an object or body is known as motion. For example, when a taxi driver carries passengers from one spot to another. In this situation, the car is in motion. Just imagine the car stop to drop or carry another passenger for some minute. At this moment there is no motion in the body, so this implies that motion is dependent on time. Remember, Physics have explained that motion is the change in the position of a body with respect to time.
The formula of Force and Motion
Force can be simply explained as the cause of motion. They are intensely related in nature because without force motion can’t occur. For instance, if a person is walking, there is motion caused by force, making the person move. This force is known as the muscular force of the body.
We earlier explained that force can simply be a push or a pull acting on a body. It is defined as any interaction that, when applied, it changes the motion of an object. This is to say force affects the state of motion of an object.
Discussing what it meant by the state of motion, it refers to the movement of a body. Generally, it can be described as
- Change in speed, or
- Change in direction.
The relationship between force and motion is that force affects the state of motion. It can cause motion to happen and it can cause it to stop. For instance, if a vehicle is moving under motion, it can stop by the force applied by the break.
The first person to discover the relationship between motion and force was Sir Isaac Newton. From his studies in force and law of motion, which we arrive at the following conditions:
- Force can accelerate the body
- Force decelerate the body
- Force can change the direction of the moving body
How Force can Cause a Body to Accelerate
Force is applied to a body at rest, it begins to move and accelerates. The acceleration can be described as a positive change in velocity over a period of time.
If force is applied in the same direction of movement of a moving object, it accelerates. For example, if the pedal of a bicycle is rotated, the bicycle moves faster.
How Force can Cause a Body to Decelerate
Force can cause a body to decelerate if a force is applied in the opposite direction of the moving object. It will slow down and eventually stop if the force is continued to be applied. For instance, if a shot is played and the goalkeeper stops the call, the ball is caused to decelerate and stop.
How Force can Cause a Body to Change Directions
Force can change directions of an object if the force is applied to it at a different angle. This causes the object to change in direction of motion. This principle is found in almost all sport that uses a ball. The speed can be maintained if the force is applied in a perpendicular angle but the velocity will change. Now you can see there is an intimate relationship between force and motion.
I hope you’ve found this post interesting and attained the knowledge. If so, you can freely give your point in our comment section and please share with other students. Thanks!
Updated March 14, 2018
By John Papiewski
In the late 1600s, Sir Isaac Newton published "Principia Mathematica," a book that connected the worlds of math and physics. Among other important ideas, he described the second law of motion – that force is equal to mass times acceleration or f = ma. Although it looks simple at first glance, the law has several important implications, including how objects move on Earth and in space. Fundamental laws such as this have allowed scientists to investigate nature accurately and engineers to build machines that work.
Force equals mass times acceleration or f = ma.
Force is a physical quantity you deal with in everyday life. It takes force to open a door, lift a child, or crack an egg. It is a pull or push exerted by one object on another; the objects can be anything from protons and electrons all the way up to planets and galaxies. The pull or push may come from direct contact or, in the case of gravity, electricity and magnetism, from a distance. Scientists measure force in units called newtons, where one newton is the force needed to accelerate a 1-kilogram mass one meter per second squared.
When a hockey puck slides across the ice, it does so at a fairly constant speed until it hits the goal or a player’s stick. Although it’s moving, it’s not accelerating. Acceleration comes only from a change in speed. When an object gains speed, its acceleration is positive; when speed is lost, acceleration is negative. You measure speed in units of distance divided by time, such as miles per hour or meters per second. Acceleration is the change in speed divided by the time the speed takes to change, so it is meters per second per second, or meters per second squared.
The mass of an object is a measure of how much matter it contains. A rubber ball has less mass than a lead ball of the same size because it has less matter in it, fewer atoms and fewer of the protons, neutrons and electrons that make up the atoms. Mass also resists the effort to push or pull it; a ping-pong ball is easy to pick up and toss; a garbage truck is not. The truck is more massive than the ping-pong ball by many thousands of times. The standard unit for mass is the kilogram, about 2.2 pounds.
Mass is a simple kind of quantity. You can have large masses, tiny masses and in-between masses. That’s about it. Scientists call simple quantities scalars because one number will describe it. Force and acceleration, however, are more complicated. They have both a size and a direction. A TV weather forecaster, for example, talks about a wind coming from the west at 20 miles per hour. This is the velocity (speed) vector of the wind. To fully describe a force or acceleration, you need both the amount and the direction. For example, on a snowy day, you pull a child’s sled in the forward direction with a force of 50 newtons, and it accelerates in the same direction at 0.5 meters per second squared.
Newton’s second law of motion seems simple enough: Push on an object of a certain mass, and it accelerates based on the amount of force and mass. A small force with a large mass results in a slow acceleration, and a large force with a small mass gives a fast acceleration. What happens when there’s no force? A force of zero on any mass gives zero acceleration. If the object is standing still, it remains still; if it’s moving, it continues to move at the same speed and direction. Keep in mind that several forces can be involved at the same time. For example, you tie a rope around a boulder and pull with all your might. There are force and mass, but the boulder doesn’t budge, so acceleration is zero. The force of friction between the boulder and the ground cancels out the force of your pull. You need a much bigger force, such as from a tractor, to move the boulder.