Q&A What

What factors are associated with the development of health services professionals in the US?

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Page 2

Indicator Link with HRH production and rationale Data sourcea
Population characteristics
 Schooling Average years of school of a country’s population. Educational access is a key to producing health workers. CIA.gov
 Migrate Migration rates of a country (in and out). Migration is known to affect health workforce supply. CIA.gov
 Urbpop Urban population percentage. Health workers are known to cluster in urban areas. CIA.gov
Population health status
 Beds-per-1000 people Reflects health system capacity for worker employment. WorldBank.org
 Public health exp Healthcare human resources are the largest expenditure of a health system. WorldBank.org
 Private health exp   WorldBank.org
Economic
 Gini The Gini index is considered the best measure of economic inequality in a country. Economic inequality affects health outcomes because it may affect access to health workers. WorldBank.org
 WB Income Level The World Bank classifies countries by four income levels: low income, low middle-income, high middle-income, and high income. It is the best way to control for between country variations in economic status. WorldBank.org
 Debtext External debt affects what a country can spend on healthcare. CIA.gov
 GDPPP Gross Domestic Purchasing Power Parity is a proxy measure of national income that better accounts for inequality than GDP per capita. CIA.gov
Political System [35] The Polity IV project divides political regimes into three categories: democracy, anocracy, and autocracy. This allows for categorical analysis of governance variables and reduces variability. //www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm
Social inequality
 GEM The Gender Empowerment Measure is how the United Nations Development Program attempts to measure gender inequality. It is a composite measure of women’s relative economic income, participation in high-paying positions with economic power, and participation in governance. UNDP.org

  1. aThe most recently available years of data were used in the analyses

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